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531.
三十年来的中国泥石流研究 总被引:41,自引:1,他引:41
本文通过对我国泥石流研究成果的总结,结合作者们工作的心得体会,就我国30年来的泥石流研究工作进行回顾与展望;并针对国情和灾情,提出了相应的意见和建议。 相似文献
532.
Effects of experimental protocol on global vegetation model accuracy: A comparison of simulated and observed vegetation patterns for Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prognostic vegetation models have been widely used to study the interactions between environmental change and biological systems. This study examines the sensitivity of vegetation model simulations to: (i) the selection of input climatologies representing different time periods and their associated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, (ii) the choice of observed vegetation data for evaluating the model results, and (iii) the methods used to compare simulated and observed vegetation. We use vegetation simulated for Asia by the equilibrium vegetation model BIOME4 as a typical example of vegetation model output. BIOME4 was run using 19 different climatologies and their associated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The Kappa statistic, Fuzzy Kappa statistic and a newly developed map-comparison method, the Nomad index, were used to quantify the agreement between the biomes simulated under each scenario and the observed vegetation from three different global land- and tree-cover data sets: the global Potential Natural Vegetation data set (PNV), the Global Land Cover Characteristics data set (GLCC), and the Global Land Cover Facility data set (GLCF). The results indicate that the 30-year mean climatology (and its associated atmospheric CO2 concentration) for the time period immediately preceding the collection date of the observed vegetation data produce the most accurate vegetation simulations when compared with all three observed vegetation data sets. The study also indicates that the BIOME4-simulated vegetation for Asia more closely matches the PNV data than the other two observed vegetation data sets. Given the same observed data, the accuracy assessments of the BIOME4 simulations made using the Kappa, Fuzzy Kappa and Nomad index map-comparison methods agree well when the compared vegetation types consist of a large number of spatially continuous grid cells. The results of this analysis can assist model users in designing experimental protocols for simulating vegetation. 相似文献
533.
不同类型绿地对南京热岛效应的缓解作用 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
通过研究南京市区林地、有行道树的道路、草坪地、水泥地面篮球场4种城市土地利用类型的气温、空气相对湿度、太阳辐射强度、地面辐射强度和地表温度等因子,比较了不同类型绿地对城市热岛效应的缓解作用.结果表明,在夏季,悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia willd)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis K.Koch)行道树以及马褂木(Liriodendron chinense ×L.tulipifera)林能有效阻止阳光直射,太阳辐射强度明显低于篮球场和马尼拉草坪(Zoysia matrella L.Merr);地面辐射强度、地表温度和气温从高到低依次为篮球场,草坪,行道树,马褂木林;而空气相对湿度则表现出相反的趋势;从热岛效应的缓解效果看,树林最强,行道树次之,草坪较弱. 相似文献
534.
Nanqi Ren Wanqian Guo Bingfeng Liu Guangli Cao Jing Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(4):375-379
Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation is an important part of biological hydrogen production technologies. China is a typical developing country that heavily relies on fossil fuels; thus, new, clean, and sustainable energy development turns quite urgent. It is delightful that Chinese government has already drawn up several H2 development policies since 1990s and provided financial aid to launch some H2 development projects. In this paper, the research status on dark fermentative hydrogen production in China was summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, several new findings and achievements, with some of which transformed into scale-up tests, were highlighted. Moreover, some prospecting coupling processes with dark fermentation of hydrogen production were also proposed to attract more research interests in the future. 相似文献
535.
536.
危险废物回转窑焚烧系统的工艺设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍杭州市危险废物回转窑焚烧处理示范工程的一期规模、工艺流程及主要设备的设计方法。 相似文献
537.
中国西部本底大气中CO的连续测量 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
在中国西北部的瓦里关全球基准站(36°17'N,100°54'E,3810m asl)建立了气相色谱-汞置换法大气CO连续测量系统.组装调试和运行标定表明,色谱方法的基线稳定,分离度高,检测方法可靠,系统具有高自动化的操作性能和严格的质量控制,其设计完全符合世界气象组织(WMO)全球大气本底测量的要求.根据采样现场大气CO浓度的变化,采用经国际比对的CO标准气系列,用峰高外标法设定可调整的标准工作曲线计算环境CO浓度,系统对CO的检测限低至1×10-9(V/V),检测精度小于0.1%,准确度在±0.05%以内,可提供我国本底地区近地层大气CO连续而精确的现场测量结果. 相似文献
538.
539.
Yongliang Sun Xiaoyan Li Heye Xu Zhipeng Yang Jia Tang Xiaoying Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(4):480-486
The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land. 相似文献
540.
吉林西部土地利用/覆被时空变化驱动力分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对吉林两部土地利用/覆被情况,基于TM影像,借助人机交互解译方法,结合1:10万地形图获得1986年、1996年、2000年和2004年的4期土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)矢量数据.利用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用转移矩阵.全面揭示研究区15年的LUCC时空变化特征,结果表明.盐碱地扩张,湿地、水域萎缩和草地退化已经成为吉林西部生态环境恶化的突出表现.结合研究区的实际情况选取总人口数、农业人口数、粮食总产置等12个指标作为LUCC:变化的丰十会经济驱动因子,借助多元线性回归模型,建立主要土地利用类型的驱动力模型.结果表明吉林西部土地利用变化的最主要社会经济因子是农业人口数、农民人均纯收入、农业生产技术(农业机械总动力、化肥施用量)和农村用电量,同时提出相应的生态环境保护和社会经济措施. 相似文献