Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.     

锡矿山锑矿田硅化岩的稀土元素特征及其地质意义

湘中锡矿山锑矿田是世界闻名的超大型锑矿田。本文系统地叙述了该矿田该中各矿床蚀变硅化岩及其原岩的稀土元素地球化学特征 ,并在此基础上探讨了稀土元素所反映的地质意义。研究表明 ,尽管硅化岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与原岩相比有所改变 ,但仍可根据硅化岩的稀土元素地球化学特征来恢复原岩 ;根据硅化灰岩的稀土元素地球化学特征可以推测硅质岩的物质来源于地壳上部 ,结合本区硅化岩的硅同位素组成特点 ,可以推测硅质交代中的硅来源于周围地层 ;硅化岩的稀土元素变化特征证明了岩性为石灰岩的层位易于发生硅化 ,从而有利于矿化层的形成。     

吸光度比值-导数光谱法的应用研究

根据吸光度比值-导数光谱法兼具导数光谱法可消除低频背景干扰,以及MLRA法光谱分辨能力强的特点,研究了用该方法测定苯酚和间苯二酚二元混合物的有效性.结果表明,吸光度比值-导数光谱法对模拟样品的测定分析达到了检测要求;该方法具有良好的精密度与准确度,用于吸收峰严重重叠的二元混合物时,毋须对干扰组分分离而可直接测定,方法简便快速,利于推广.     

社会主义市场经济与环境立法

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，环境立法也应随这相应发展，环境保护法制建设必要性和重要性，一是填补原有的立法空白，包括持续发展立法，环境保护组织立法环境保护行政法程序立法，二是现行环境法是一些不能与新形势相适应的内容必须加以修改完善，以排污收费为例，分析了实施中存在的问题，探讨了实行环境税的积极作用。     

黄浦江上游工业废水对程序外DNA合成的影响

用SD大鼠原代肝细胞作程序外DNA合成(UDS)试验,检测黄浦江上游水源保护区9家工厂的工业废水,结果表明,在不同时间采集的9家工厂的两批工业废水UDS试验均呈阳性,并且呈剂量—反应关系。这说明9家工厂的工业废水有潜在的致突变作用和致癌作用,对这些工业废水的排放应加以控制。     

阴离子交换纤维吸附与解吸亚硝酸根的研究

本文对聚乙烯醇阴离子交换纤维(Poly vinylalcohol anion exchange fiber)吸附与解吸亚硝酸根分别作了动态及静态试验。结果表明,NO_2~-在PVAF上吸附与解吸速度快、再生容易、使用寿命长,吸附特征符合Langmuir吸附等温式,饱和吸附量为1.7m mol/g。其吸附率与温度、NO_2~-浓度、滤速、pH值、共存阴离子种类有关。洗脱率与洗脱剂种类、浓度有关。     

Variations of plant life form diversity along the Northeast China Transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradient analysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested, based on the data from Northeast China Transect platform. The results showed that the species numbers, life form richness and life form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests and the ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadow grasslands and typical steppes were lower.Although plant life forms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity is not consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.     

Features and mechanism for coagulation - flocculationprocesses of polyaluminum chloride

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平衡汽球探测研究山区流场特征和大气扩散参数

本文介绍了用平衡汽球探测法在山区工业基地研究大气边界层流场特征和大气扩散规律的结果.分析发现明显的山谷风环流、河谷渠道效应以及漫烟现象和局地工业热源影响等流场特征,实测得到三维大气扩散参数.文章还讨论了用有限数列的滑动平均计算大气扩散参数遇到的问题.用数学模拟方法分析了滑动平均时间间隔与采样时间的关系.     

桂林市小东江环境污染综合治理研究

结合小东江污染状况与成因，系统研究了流域产污、排污、截污、纳污的平衡，并结合小试研究确定了重点工业污染企业污染治理与污染总量控制、城市排水系统截污与污水处理厂工艺技术改造、河流引水与清淤、垃圾清运等综合治理、分步实施的工程方案。经综合治理，小东江当年实现水质变清，工程治理结束后，已达到地表水Ⅲ类水质，环境综合治理达到了预期效果。