Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands, but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers. The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages (biomass and oil). In this study, 40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal production. The study was carried out to the physiological maturity stage. All studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb, with maximum amounts in shoot?>?root?>?seed respectively. The phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor (TF), Metal removal efficiency (MRE) and Metal extraction ratio (MER). Among all assessed criteria, GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield production. The Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China, with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic acid. Moreover, amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and non-essential amino acids. Glutamic acid was found in the highest percentage (22.4%), whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage (1.3%). Therefore, its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil, with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.     

石墨烯在装备技术相关领域的应用研究(一)

从自上而下、自下而上两方面综述了石墨烯的制备方法,介绍了石墨烯基复合材料在气敏传感器、电化学传感器、光学与应力传感器等传感器领域的研究热点与进展,并比较了不同应用中的物理机制与理论解释,为石墨烯在装备技术领域的应用提供参考。最后提出了如何实现高质量石墨烯的量产,提高单层/单晶石墨烯的质量,如何实现石墨烯与其他材料的更好复合,以及石墨烯基材料性能提高的机制等将是今后石墨烯应用领域研究中重点。     

红树林湿地植物中Pd的累积特征

铂族元素(PGEs)中的钯(Pd)作为汽车尾气催化转换器(VECs)的催化剂被广泛应用,Pd在世界各国环境中的含量水平迅速增长,并进入食物链,其潜在威胁日益增大。本文以海南省东寨港红树林湿地为研究区,采集红树植物和沉积物样品,利用微波消解、ICP-MS测定其中的Pd。研究表明,在水平维度上,红树植物叶Pd的含量沿河口到外海方向呈现出递减趋势,说明了Pd的陆源性输入;沿光滩到林内方向,呈现出林内光滩林缘的特点。在垂直维度上,红树植物叶Pd的含量呈底部向顶部递减。相对于茎,红树植物叶Pd的含量明显偏低,说明红树植物主要通过根部从沉积物中吸收Pd并累积。对于不同年龄阶段的红树植物,茎Pd的含量为成熟幼龄老龄,叶Pd的含量为老龄成熟幼龄。红树植物叶Pd的含量季节变化明显,干季高于湿季。相对于国内外植物,东寨港红树植物Pd的含量属较低水平。本研究有助于阐明红树林湿地植物Pd的累积特征,同时对于红树林湿地的环境保护具有重要的科学意义。     

石化企业液化石油气装卸系统存在的问题及治理

按照有关法规、标准,系统分析了目前部分石油化工企业液化石油气装车系统存在的一些主要共性问题,以及由此可能引发的泄漏和火灾爆炸事故,并有针对性提出了治理办法。     

高原深水湖泊沉积物重金属背景值研究及潜在生态风险评估

为了解青藏高原湖区典型深水湖泊——羊卓雍错沉积物重金属污染水平及当前生态风险,以表层沉积物为基础,采用参考元素法计算研究区的重金属背景值,并对重金属生态风险状况进行了初步评估.结果表明:①羊卓雍错沉积物中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb的背景值分别为（27.49±11.39）（22.53±4.74）（15.93±6.44）（28.22±9.68）（11.96±2.34）（0.22±0.11）（0.04±0.03）（11.59±5.29）mg/kg.②羊卓雍错表层沉积物重金属生态风险指数为66.96~227.79,平均值为119.45,各采样点重金属潜在生态风险均处于低风险或中等风险,流域整体处于低风险.③羊卓雍错表层沉积物中8种重金属的潜在生态风险顺序为Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Zn,各重金属生态风险指数范围为0.97~123.25,平均值在1.01~56.67之间,除Hg处于中等风险外,其余7种重金属均处于低风险状态.研究显示,参考元素法可便捷、准确地计算受人类活动影响较小湖泊的沉积物重金属背景值,当前羊卓雍错沉积物中重金属质量分数主要受背景值影响,而人类活动对重金属污染亦有贡献,需适当加强关注.      

Managed grassland alters soil N dynamics and N2O emissions in temperate steppe

Reclamation of degraded grasslands as managed grasslands has been increasingly accelerated in recent years in China. Land use change affects soil nitrogen(N) dynamics and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. However, it remains unclear how large-scale grassland reclamation will impact the grassland ecosystem as a whole. Here, we investigated the effects of the conversion from native to managed grasslands on soil N dynamics and N_2O emissions by field experiments in Hulunber in northern China. Soil(0–10 cm), nitrate(NO_3~-),ammonium(NH_4~+), and microbial N were measured in plots in a temperate steppe(Leymus chinensis grassland) and two managed grasslands(Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis grasslands) in 2011 and 2012. The results showed conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa or B. inermis grasslands decreased concentrations of NO_3~–-N, but did not change NH_4~–N . Soil microbial N was slightly decreased by the conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa, but increased by the conversion to B. inermis. The conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M. sativa(i.e., a legume grass) increased N_2O emissions by 26.2%, while the conversion to the B. inermis(i.e., a non-legume grass) reduced N_2O emissions by 33.1%. The conversion from native to managed grasslands caused large created variations in soil NO?3~-+–N and NH_4~–N concentrations. Net N mineralization rates did not change significantly in growing season or vegetation type, but to net nitrification rate. These results provide evidence on how reclamation may impact the grassland ecosystem in terms of N dynamics and N_2O emissions.     

Baosteel emission control significantly benefited air quality in Shanghai

As the largest iron and steel producer in China, a part of Baosteel moved out of Shanghai deserves close attention due to its environmental impact. To understand the effect of Baosteel emission control on air quality in Shanghai, daily PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO were measured from 2010 to 2016. Concentrations of pollutants in Baoshan District presented a decreased trend during 2010–2016, with a reduction rate of 28.6% for PM_(10), 67.3% for SO_2, 8.6% for NO_2 and 42.0% for CO. However, fine particle pollution in Baoshan District during 2012–2016 seems to become more prominent, with PM_(2.5) concentration of 47 ± 28,45 ± 33, 38 ± 24, 54 ± 41 and 51 ± 34 μg/m3, respectively, indicating a slight increase of 8.5%in PM_(2.5). Concentrations of PM_(10) and CO decreased by 12.5% and 33.8% in the second half year in 2016(compared with that in 2015) probably due to closure of blast furnace of Baosteel. Baosteel was identified as the largest pollution source in Baoshan District.Emission from Baosteel accounted for 58.0% of SO_2, 43.6% of NO_2 and 79.3% of dust in total emission from Baoshan District during 2010–2015. Meanwhile, pollutant emission and coal consumption from Baosteel decreased by 52.0% for SO_2, 40.1% for NO_2, 15.7% for dust and22% for coal consumption. Energy consumption in Baoshan District reduced by 31% from2011 to 2015. Air quality improvement in Shanghai was attributed to local emission reduction, together with regional air quality improvement.     

含铝酸性农药废水合成聚合硫酸铝混凝剂

采用农药三唑醇生产过程中产生的含铝酸性废水为原料,合成了聚合硫酸铝(PAS)液体混凝剂,并用于厂区污水站好氧池出水的混凝处理。考察了碱化剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间等合成条件及PAS加入量、混凝pH等混凝条件对混凝效果的影响,并比较了PAS与商售聚合氯化铝(PAC)的混凝效果。实验结果表明:在n(碱化剂)∶n(硫酸铝)为2.1∶1、聚合温度为80℃、聚合时间为60 min的条件下,所得PAS液体混凝剂产品的w(Al2O3)为7.8%~9.0%,盐基度为45%~60%,pH为3.5~4.0,产量为0.75 t/t(以废水计);在PAS加入量为2.0 m L/L、混凝pH为10.0时,COD和SS的去除率则分别达到14.6%和83.0%;该PAS可替代厂区常规使用的商售PAC,日节约废水处理成本5 922元。     

基于UNMIX模型对大气降雨中水溶性离子来源解析

对洛杉矾2005年1月至2015年1月的降水数据进行了分析,并通过UNMIX模型对降水中的无机离子成分进行了来源解析.结果表明,洛杉矶降水的pH均值为4.84,表现为轻度污染的弱酸性水平;降水的污染来源主要有3个,分别是二次污染源(50％)、海洋传输源(43％)、燃煤源及生物质燃烧源(7％);降水中离子解析结果与洛杉矶地区细颗粒物污染来源解析结果有较好的一致性,表明在细颗粒物化学成分缺失的情况下,降水离子可在一定程度上反应污染来源解析.     

An empirical research on the determinants of Chinese college students’ carbon label cognition and interpersonal communication willingness

Carbon labels are innovative medium and tools for climate change communication and low-carbon marketing. This study aims at examining how college students are aware of low-carbon and carbon labels, whether they are more willing to communicate low-carbon ideas, and also the determinants affecting their interpersonal communication of carbon labels. The multiple regression analysis shows that Chinese college students’ willingness of interpersonal communication of carbon labels are significantly influenced by their awareness of climate change crisis, the perceived value of carbon labels, the consideration of product environmental attributes, the preferences of carbon labels, the household background, and their educational background. In response to these factors, this paper proposes, in a public perspective, the strategies to enhance the dissemination of carbon labels.