酸性淋溶对铅锌尾矿金属行为的影响及植物毒性

露天存放的铅锌尾矿受到自身酸化和酸雨的双重影响,从而加剧尾矿对环境的影响。因此,研究尾矿在酸性条件下的重金属行为及其植物毒性,对植物在铅锌尾矿地的自然定居有非常重要的意义。将铅锌尾矿砂装柱,用pH2～7溶液淋溶50天的结果表明,酸度的提高可以显著地增加尾矿砂中重金属（Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd）的溶出。而随着时间的延长,Zn的溶出量明显增高,Pb和Cu的溶出则逐渐降低。在pH值＜3时,Cd的溶出逐渐升高,pH值＞3时,Cd的溶出也呈下降趋势。酸度对重金属溶出的影响由大至小依次为Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb。渗滤液对植物的毒性随着起始淋溶酸度的提高与时间的推移而加剧     

Identifying stream temperature variation by coupling meteorological,hydrological, and water temperature models

In this study, we demonstrate a physically based semi-Lagrangian water temperature model known as the River Basin Model (RBM) coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and Weather Research & Forecasting Model in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). The results of this coupling compare favorably with observed water temperature data available from six river gages located in the MRB. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the mean water temperatures may increase by 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8°C in northern, central, and southern MRB zones under a hypothetical uniform air temperature increase of 3.0°C. If air temperatures increase uniformly by 6.0°C in this scenario, then water temperatures are projected to increase by 3.3, 3.5, and 4.0°C. Lastly, downscaled air temperatures from a global climate model are used to drive the coupled VIC and RBM model from 2020 to 2099. Average stream temperatures from 2020 to 2099 increase by 1.0 to 8.0°C above 1950 to 2010 average water temperatures, with non-uniform increases along the river. In some portions of the MRB, stream temperatures could increase above survival thresholds for several native fish species, which are critical components of the stream ecosystem. In addition, increased water temperatures interact with nutrient loadings from sources throughout the MRB, which is expected to exacerbate harmful algal blooms and dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.     

营养食品的最佳搭配

在日常生活中,食品如何搭配才能对身体有营养,是众多人关心的话题。豆腐 海带豆类所含的皂角苷,可降低胆固醇的吸收,弊端在于增加碘元素的排泄。而海带中碘元素极多,可及时补足碘,不至于因碘减少而“株连”智力发育。海带同样利弊同在,其利在碘元素多,弊也在此(每百克海带含碘     

Using machine learning method to predict food waste in catering industry under high resolution: a case in Dongguan

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste classification is comprehensively carried out in China as an important national-level policy, and the large amount and the wide range of food...     

采油污水深度处理和回收再利用

辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂是通过蒸汽吞吐减轻原油粘度进行开采的稠油油田,每日需要使用大量的水资源。针对其特点,建成投产了欢喜岭采油厂欢四联污水深度处理站。文章介绍了欢四联污水深度处理的流程、回注流程,进行了试验结果分析以及效益评价;并通过深度处理污水回注的成功降低了生产成本,产生了良好的经济效益并大幅度减少了对环境的污染。     

巢湖水中邻苯二甲酸酯安全性评价

本文测定了5种PAEs在巢湖水中的质量浓度,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯在所有采样点位均有检出,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的最高质量浓度为3．15μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的最高质量浓度为1．82μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的最高质量浓度为12．95μg／L,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯最高为7．21μg／L,未检出邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯。运用数学模型对PAEs在水中的环境行为进行了安全性评价,结果显示巢湖水受到邻苯二酸酯不同程度的污染。     

关于完善环境污染损害赔偿法律救济的思考

随着经济的飞速发展,环境污染的现象日益严重。目前我国解决环境污染损害赔偿责任纠纷的方式包括两种,即行政处理和诉讼解决。我国环境污染损害赔偿制度尚不完善。本文就完善环境污染损害赔偿法律救济提出具体建议,即修改、完善环境污染损害赔偿相关法律制度,使其适应经济和社会可持续发展的需要。     

我国环境损害赔偿立法及其完善

我国已经初步建立了环境损害赔偿法律体系,并确立了一些具体的法律制度。但是立法体系还不完善,法律规定之间还存在一些矛盾冲突,有些制度还未建立或健全,亟待完善。应通过专门立法完善立法体系和法律内容,确立赔偿原则,明确赔偿范围,扩大赔偿主体,建立社会化赔偿机制,拓宽赔偿途径,完善赔偿程序和诉讼保障机制等,以及时有效地救济受害人权益。     

Mitigation paths for Chinese iron and steel industry to tackle global climate change

Based on a recognition of the essence of climate change and the pressure on China to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this paper interprets the important role that the Chinese iron and steel industry may play in managing emissions. Through an investigation of the key sources of GHG emissions in the Chinese iron and steel industry, a comparison of the current Chinese and international situations, and a survey of the technology and methods available for reducing GHG emissions, and their application in China, the authors analyze the major issues currently faced by the Chinese iron and steel industry, and propose the following four approaches through which the industry might reduce its GHG emissions: (1) encouragement of clean development mechanism (CDM) projects, mainly involving secondary energy reuse, to provide capital and technology for GHG reduction activities in China; (2) stimulation of the social responsibility-based voluntary carbon market (VCM) to increase the long-term benefits for the Chinese iron and steel industry from emission reductions; (3) undertaking of strict energy auditing to help enterprises establish appropriate emission reduction targets and formulate reasonable plans; (4) promotion of emission reduction-oriented investment within the industry to obtain profits from project operation, while at the same time gaining extra compensation for emission reductions. More specifically, the design of each of these approaches should take into consideration the related economic factors and incentive mechanisms.     

氮、硫掺杂TiO2-壳聚糖微球的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备N、S掺杂TiO2光催化剂,将其与壳聚糖(CS)溶液共混交联,制取N、S掺杂的TiO2-CS(NSTC)微球光催化剂.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术对NSTC微球的形态和晶型结构进行了表征.研究表明,在焙烧温度为450℃、n(N):n(S):n(Ti)=3:3:1的条件下,制备的NSTC微球的可见光催化降解性能最佳.用在最佳条件下制得的NSTC微球在可见光下催化处理pH为3、质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液,反应240 min,甲基橙降解率可达94.1%.NSTC微球重复进行6次可见光催化降解实验,甲基橙降解率仍可达90.0%.