Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species

Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N(2) fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N(2)O, NO and bi-directional NH(3) exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols.     

Antioxidative response to Cd in a newly discovered cadmium hyperaccumulator, Arabis paniculata F

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of Arabis paniculata F., a new Cd hyperaccumuator found in China. The results showed that 22-89 microM Cd in solution enhanced the growth of A. paniculata after three weeks, with 21-27% biomass increase compared to the control. Cd concentrations in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cd supply levels, and reached a maximum of 1662 and 8670 mg kg(-1) Cd dry weight at 178 microM Cd treatment, respectively. In roots, 22-89 microM Cd reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O(2)(-1)) and H(2)O(2) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In leaves, the contents of MDA, O(2)(-1) and H(2)O(2) remained unaffected by 22-89 microM Cd, while 178 microM Cd treatment significantly increased the MDA content, 69.5% higher than that of the control; generally, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT), GPX and APX showed an increasing pattern with increasing Cd supply levels. Our present work concluded that A. paniculata has a great capability of Cd tolerance and accumulation. Moderate Cd treatment (22-89 microM Cd) alleviated the oxidative stress in roots, while higher level of Cd addition (178 microM) could cause an increasing generation of ROS, which was effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.     

山区城镇泥石流灾害风险控制模式探讨

受全球气候变化的影响,灾害性天气频发,使得山区泥石流危害极为严重.作为人口和经济高度集中的山区城镇也就成为泥石流危害的主要对象.针对山区城镇泥石流危害特征及风险控制现状,引入地理学中的同心圆理论,探讨了山区城镇泥石流风险控制的"同心圆模式",分析了"同心圆模式"中各风险控制层对灾害风险的控制机制及效应,提出城镇泥石流风险控制应遵循多层防范、逐级降低的思路,研究可为山区城镇的减灾管理提供合理的参考.     

不同重要性建筑的名义基准期取值合理性研究

用名义基准期来标定建筑的重要性类别的方法能够直观体现重要性类别的不同,通过分析比较了我国抗震设计规范与文中所提方法在规定不同重要性建筑的设防参数方面的差别,并重点对17个同家的和文中所提方法计算的不同重要性建筑的地震作用进行分析比较之后,发现所提方法确定的不同重要性建筑地震作用的比值与美国、日本、欧洲等多数国家均比较接近,从而定量地验证了所提方法确定的名义基准期取值的合理性.该方法目前已经被我国<建筑工程抗震性态设计通则(试用)>(CECS 160:2004)采用.     

官地水电站竹子坝料场高边坡的稳定性分析及其影响因数研究

竹子坝料场是官地水电站混凝土浇筑骨料的重要来源之一。结合竹子坝料场的地形地质情况,以及料场开挖后形成的东、南、西三段人工边坡,运用刚体极限平衡的方法进行稳定性分析及其影响因数的研究。     

杀虫单降解菌的筛选分离与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水排放沟污泥中分离到一株对杀虫单有较强降解能力的菌株LY－4,经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium)。其生长的最适pH为7,最适温度为30℃。该菌对杀虫单有很强的耐受性,在杀虫单浓度ρ＝5000mg/L时,仍能较好地生长并发挥降解作用。当杀虫单初始浓度高于一定值时,一定量的菌剂对杀虫单的降解率随底物浓度的提高而降低,而绝对去除量则随底物浓度的提高而提高。与不加菌的对照相比,加入LY－4后,可使杀虫单浓度在很短的时间内降到很低的水平。图5表1参6     

污水土地处理CAD系统设计

针对污水土地处理设计实际,以提高设计速度和质量为目标,结合计算机辅助设计技术和软件技术的发展,采用成熟而先进的参数化设计技术及ADS开发工具,对土地处理设计中的几个关系问题进行了探讨。     

硫脲修饰超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂吸附Cr（Ⅵ）

以氯甲基聚苯乙烯树脂(CMPS)为前体,经后交联反应合成超高交联树脂(J-2),再经硫脲胺基改性得到硫脲修饰超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂(TU-PS).通过BET、FTIR等对树脂结构进行表征,并考察了pH、吸附温度、接触时间等因素对TU-PS改性树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能的影响.结果表明,改性树脂(TU-PS)对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳条件为：Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为500 mg·L^-1、初始pH值为2、树脂用量为2.5 g·L^-1、吸附温度为45℃、吸附时间为6 h.在此最佳条件下,TU-PS树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为140.00 mg·g^-1,去除率为70.18%.吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程以单分子层化学吸附为主.TU-PS树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附是静电吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果.     

Quality assessment of groundwater from the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula

Assessment of groundwater quality plays a significant role in the utilization of the scarce water resources globally and especially in arid regions. The increasing abstraction together with man-made contamination and seawater intrusion have strongly affected groundwater quality in the Arabia Peninsula, exemplified by the investigation given here from the United Arab Emirates, where the groundwater is seldom reviewed and assessed. In the aim of assessing current groundwater quality, we here present a comparison of chemical data linked to aquifers types. The results reveal that most of the investigated groundwater is not suitable for drinking, household, and agricultural purposes following the WHO permissible limits. Aquifer composition and climate have vital control on the water quality, with the carbonate aquifers contain the least potable water compared to the ophiolites and Quaternary clastics. Seawater intrusion along coastal regions has deteriorated the water quality and the phenomenon may become more intensive with future warming climate and rising sea level.