城市环境承载力分析与评估——以湛江市为例

介绍了环境承载力的涵义以及城市环境承载力的评估方法,以PSR模型研究环境压力所对应的环境状态,以此评估城市环境承载状态,并以湛江市为对象,展开城市环境承载力的现状分析,在此基础上对未来不同发展阶段的环境承载力做情景分析,从减压—改善—优化层次上提出湛江市环境承载力提升的对策建议。     

Experimental field estimation of organic nitrogen formation in tree canopies

The content of organic N has been shown in many studies to increase during the passage of rain water through forest canopies. The source of this organic N is unknown, but generally assumed to come from canopy processing of wet or dry-deposited inorganic N. There have been very few experimental studies in the field to address the canopy formation or loss of organic N. We report two studies: a Scots pine canopy exposed to ammonia gas, and a Sitka spruce canopy exposed to ammonium and nitrate as wet deposition. In both cases, organic N deposition in throughfall was increased, but only represented a small fraction (<10%) of the additional inorganic N supplied, suggesting a limited capacity for net organic N production, similar in both conifer canopies under Scottish summertime conditions, of less than 1.6 mmol N m⁻² mth⁻¹ (equivalent to 3 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹).     

异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器实验研究

设计了异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器,进行生活污水处理的实验研究。10个月的实验结果表明,系统的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h时,最适COD进水浓度为240-100mg/L,最佳混合液回流比（r）-污泥回流比（R）为250%-100%。控制反应器于以上运行参数下,25±2℃所对应的COD、TN和TP去除率分别为96.84%、67.55%和81.92%。当温度降至7℃时,其COD、TP和TN分别降至86.35%、50.25%和65.68%。基于实验分析结果,阐明了一体化反应器高效性的机理在于异波折板水解酸化段具有高效传质特性和A2O段具有复合式活性污泥-接触氧化好氧池的特点。     

钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究进展与趋势

火灾高温对钢筋混凝土结构材性有显著影响,极易造成结构损伤、破坏甚至倒塌。在大量阅读国内外文献的基础上,从建筑火灾发展过程研究、钢筋混凝土结构在火灾中的行为研究、钢筋混凝土结构抗火设计方法的研究、火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的损伤评估和加固方法的研究等4个方面对钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究进行了论述;总结了目前国内外钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究的主要进展及成果;指出了结构抗火研究尚存在的一些问题;最后,对结构抗火研究趋势进行了展望。     

水泥项目环境影响评价需注意的几个要点问题

新型干法水泥项目的环境影响评价必须正确把握建设项目是否符合国家的产业政策,考虑项目的选址选线是否合理,对项目的产污环节进行全面分析,选取准确的预测模式和方法对项目的环境影响进行预测,提出可靠的污染防治对策,采取措施保证公众参与的有效性。本文根据水泥项目的行业特点,结合笔者从事该类项目环境影响评价工作的实践,对上述问题进行了比较系统的分析和讨论。     

Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plant, shellfish and sediment samples from Laizhou Bay in China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are potentially harmful and persistent environmental pollutants. PBDEs concentrations are reported in plant, shellfish and sediment samples collected from Chinese Laizhou Bay. The summation operator(11)PBDE concentrations in plant and shellfish samples from Laizhou Bay were in the range of 70-5900ngg(-1) and 230-720ngg(-1) lipid, respectively. The summation operator(11)PBDEs concentrations in river sediment intervals samples ranged from 1.3 to 1800ng g(-1) dry weight. Pearson correlation analyses were performed on concentrations of PBDEs congeners of different sediment sample intervals. There were significant positive correlations for BDE 28 and BDE 100 (r=0.945, p<0.01), BDE 47 and BDE 99 (r=0.879, p<0.01), BDE 153 and BDE 154 (r=0.934, p<0.01), nona-BDEs and BDE 209 (r>0.934, p<0.01). BDE 209 was the predominant congener in all analyzed samples, consistent with the fact that deca-BDE technical mixtures are the dominant PBDEs product in Laizhou Bay. Data showed that PBDEs should be considered as an increasing pollution problem in the Laizhou Bay region.     

Temporal trends of hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary and the northern South China Sea

Concentrations and fluxes of unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for two ²¹⁰Pb dated sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS). Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were also measured for identification of the hydrocarbon sources. The historical records of PAHs in the NSCS reflected the economic development in the Pearl River Delta during the 20th century. PAHs in the NSCS predominantly derive from combustion of coal and biomass, whereas PAHs in the PRE are a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic in origins. The isotopic profiles reveal that the petrogenic hydrocarbons in the PRE originate predominantly from local spillage/leakage of lube oil and crude oils. The accumulation rates of pyrogenic PAHs have significantly increased, whereas UCM accumulation has slightly declined in the NSCS in the recent three decades.     

油田钻井废水深度处理技术

采用化学混凝-铁炭微电解-电渗析技术对钻井废水进行了深度处理实验。实验结果表明：废水pH和反应时间是影响铁炭微电解处理效果的重要因素,当废水pH为1．5,反应时间为120min时,COD去除率为50％;在电渗析除Clˉ过程中,采取直流方式出水时,在进水流量为20L／h、操作电压为30V、运行时间为15min的条件下,Clˉ去除率可达75％;而采取循环方式出水时,运行时间是影响电渗析除Clˉ效果的主要因素,当运行时间大于等于60min时,出水中Clˉ的质量浓度低于350mg/L,达到DB51／190-1993（四川省污水排放标准》中的三级排放标准。