城市生活垃圾填埋处理甲烷排放估算及控制途径研究

随着人口的增长,城市化和经济化发展以及居民生活水平的不断提高,固体废弃物的排放量日益增多,废弃物处理不仅是大气中甲烷的一个重要排放源,而且已成为限制城市化进展和城市经济发展的重大问题之一。固体废弃物填埋处理甲烷的排放量的估算,对准确评估未来气候变化以及应对气候变化所带来的影响具有重要的意义。本文在分析了填埋场甲烷产生影响因素的基础上,估算了2005年-2010年杭州市填埋场甲烷排放量,提出了填埋场甲烷排放控制的对策建议,为杭州市温室气体减排工作提供参考意见。     

长春市膳食水足迹研究

食物是居民日常生活首要的消费品,膳食水足迹能反映一个地区对水资源的利用情况。根据长春市2000年一2009年城乡居民膳食消费量,量化长春市城乡居民膳食水足迹,分析其特征。10年来长春市城乡居民膳食水足迹差异在逐渐减小,城镇居民的多样性指数始终高于农村居民,但差值逐渐减小,城乡居民膳食水足迹存在巨大差距,不公平现象很明显。探讨不同膳食消费模式下水资源的节约量,为长春市合理利用水资源提供依据。     

泸州市纳溪区农村环境污染现状及治理对策研究

随着农村经济发展和现代化进程的加快,农村环境状况日益恶化,农村环境形势十分严峻。农村生态环境受到破坏,不仅给农民身体健康带来危害,还制约了农村经济社会的可持续发展。因此,在泸州市纳溪区新农村建设中,解决农村环境问题已经成为当务之急。文章介绍了纳溪区农村环境污染现状,指出存在的主要问题及成因,最后根据该地区的具体特点提出农村环境污染的对策建议。     

The potential of cropland soil carbon sequestration in the Loess Plateau, China

It is generally accepted that cropland soils could be managed to store significant carbon (C), however little information is available regarding the cropland soil C sequestration potential of the Loess Plateau in northern China. This study aimed to estimate the cropland soil C sequestration potential in this area using the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method with region-specific C stock change factors. The results show that the C sequestration potential can reach 6.054 Tg C yr^?1 (1Tg?=?10¹² g) in cropland soils of the Loess Plateau using techniques that are currently available (no-tillage and high residue incorporation). Although the results show a high degree of uncertainty in this estimate with 95 % confidence interval ranges from 2.623 to 11.94 Tg C yr^?1, our study suggests that cropland soil C sequestration could play a meaningful role in helping to mitigate greenhouse gas increases in the Chinese Loess Plateau.     

Bacterial communities regulate temporal variations of the antibiotic resistome in soil following manure amendment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) represents a global threat to human health. Land application of animal manure is known...     

Enhanced antioxidant capacity and upregulated transporter genes contribute to the UV-B-induced increase in blinin in Conyza blinii

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Conyza blinii (C. blinii) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant mainly grown in Sichuan, China. C. blinii is suitable for studying the mechanism of...     

Green research and development activities and SO2 intensity: an analysis for China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carrying out domestic research and development (R&D) activities can improve environmental performance. However, extant studies have not...     

Fish forewarning of comprehensive toxicity in water environment based on Bayesian sequential method

Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential, which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.     

Graphitic carbon nitride/biochar composite synthesized by a facile ball-milling method for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin

In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-C₃N₄. In this study, g-C₃N₄ was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-C₃N₄ together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. The characterization of resulting g-C₃N₄/biochar suggested that biochar and g-C₃N₄ achieved effective linkage. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the composites were evaluated with enrofloxacin (EFA) as a model pollutant. The result showed that all the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites displayed higher adsorption and photocatalytic performance to EFA than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar performed best and removed 45.2% and 81.1% of EFA (10 mg/L) under darkness and light with a dosage of 1 mg/mL, while g-C₃N₄ were 19.0% and 27.3%, respectively. Besides, 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency (65.9%). Radical trapping experiments suggested that superoxide radical (?O₂^?) and hole (h⁺) were the main active species in the photocatalytic process. After 4 cycles, the composite still exhibited activity for catalytic removal of EFA.     

Combined pollution of arsenic and Polymyxin B enhanced arsenic toxicity and enriched ARG abundance in soil and earthworm gut microbiotas

Polymyxin B (PMB) is considered as the last line of antibiotic defense available to humans. The environmental effects of the combined pollution with PMB and heavy metals and their interaction mechanisms are unclear. We explored the effects of the combined pollution with PMB and arsenic (As) on the microbial composition of the soil and in the earthworm gut, as well as the spread and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that, compared with As alone, the combined addition of PMB and As could significantly increase the bioaccumulation factor and toxicity of As in earthworm tissues by 12.1% and 16.0%, respectively. PMB treatment could significantly increase the abundance of Actinobacteria in the earthworm gut (from 35.6% to 45.2%), and As stress could significantly increase the abundance of Proteobacteria (from 19.8% to 56.9%). PMB and As stress both could significantly increase the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which were positively correlated, indicating that ARGs might be horizontally transferred. The inactivation of antibiotics was the main resistance mechanism that microbes use to resist PMB and As stress. Network analysis showed that PMB and As might have antagonistic effects through competition with multi-drug resistant ARGs. The combined pollution by PMB and As significantly promoted the relative abundance of microbes carrying multi-drug resistant ARGs and MGEs, thereby increasing the risk of transmission of ARGs. This research advances the understanding of the interaction mechanism between antibiotics and heavy metals and provides new theoretical guidance for the environmental risk assessment and combined pollution management.