季铵盐改性土壤对水中苯酚的吸附及机理研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＨＤＴＭＡ）对土壤进行了改性。结果表明，改必一时最适温度为５０￣５５℃，最适ＰＨ为中性最适ＨＤＴＭＡ浓度为１％，又考察了ＰＨ、改性土壤用量及振荡时间对吸附效果的影响，通过测定吸附等温线探讨了吸附机理。结果表明，ＰＨ＝３￣１０时，酚捐附去除率基本不变，当ＰＨ〉１０时，吸附效率随ＰＨ增大而提高。随着改性土壤用量的增加和振荡时间的延长。酚的去除率升高。改性土壤对苯酚的等温吸附规     

一个液相化学反应机理的建立和应用

利用比较积分反应速率的方法，建立了一个简化液相化学反应机理ＡＲＣＭＬ，并在各种大气状况下以及各种物理参数下对ＡＲＣＭＬ作了验证，然后利用ＡＲＣＭＬ模拟光化学烟雾形成初期的云水酸化过程，结果表明，自由基氧化Ｓ（Ⅳ）在污染或高ＮＯｘ的大气中非常重要。     

镉与天然固体表面络合物的条件稳定常数

本文研究天然固体、伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物从水中吸附极低浓度(ppb级)的镉时吸附量随pH的变化;同时研究不同pH值时的吸附等温线。根据简单的表面络合模式,利用线性关系及其分配系数,求取不同pH值时的天然固体与镉形成的表面络合物的条件稳定常数。条件稳定常数随pH值的上升,分为两个区域而呈线性增长。据此求得表面络合反应的条件络合常数。镉与伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物的表面络合物条件稳定常数分别为3.0—1.8×10~2和0.8—2.5×10~2(pH5.0—8.5).低pH区伊利土和湘江悬浮沉积物吸附镉的条件络合常数分别为3.3×10~(-2)和2.8×10~(-2),高pH区二者的络合常数分别为5.6×10~(-5)和8.5×10~(-8)。     

Justification of maternal serum alphafetoprotein screening in a population with low incidence of neural tube defects

A prospective study of maternal serum alphafetoprotein (α-FP) screening of 9838 women in an area with low prevalence of neural tube defects and predominance of anencephalics revealed that an intervention point of single serum α-FP level above 2·8 times the median was appropriate for this population. Ninety per cent of anencephalics and all fetuses with anterior abdominal wall defects were detected. There was no spina bifida among the population screened. Two per cent of the population screened had serum α-FP level above this cut-off level. Thirty-two per cent of twin pregnancies, 7 per cent of small-for-gestational age infants and 9 per cent of pregnancies which ended in either abortion or perinatal death in the population screened also had one serum α-FP level above this intervention point. The false positive rate was 66 per cent. This false positive rate was only reduced to 63 per cent if instead of one, two serum α-FP level above this intervention point was considered abnormal. Using this strategy there was no significant reduction in the detection rate of fetal anomalies and other pregnancy complications. Because of the predominance of anencephalics in this population the diagnosis of fetal anomaly in women with abnormal serum a-FP level was made by ultrasound examination alone. The reason amniocentesis was not performed in these patients was to avoid unnecessary loss of normal pregnancies which may result from this procedure.     

区域水体中汞的质量平衡与生物地球化学循环

本文是几年来在蓟运河下游对汞的地球化学行为进行综合研究的结果.通过箱式模型的方法,利用质量平衡公式对各流量进行定量计算,结果表明:排入河流的汞,绝大部分很快沉积入水底沉积物中;而存在于河水中的汞,水迁移是最主要的,气迁移很少,生物迁移微乎其微.本文提出了水体中汞的生物地球化学循环模型.汞循环途径主要有两条:无机汞被生物甲基化后的生物小循环和汞在水体与大气之间的地球化学循环.这两种循环主要是由沉积物中的无机泵被生物转变成甲基汞或元素汞之后完成的.因此,存在于沉积物中的无机汞的甲基化能力与转化为元素汞的量,决定了这两种循环过程的汞通量问题.     

土地快速渗滤处理啤酒废水的土柱模拟试验

对啤酒废水进行了模拟土地快速渗滤处理的试验研究。模拟土柱经10个淹水期的生化培养期,其CODcr去除率达96％左右,BOD_5可达98％以上,且去除效果主要集中于系统上部约100cm厚的土层内。此外,还研究了影响快速渗滤系统净化效果的主要因素及其水力负荷周期、水力负荷率。     

废旧泡沫塑料的回收再利用

以硫酸钡、聚异丁烯为线性混合成膜体系的填料和改性剂,经表面改性,制得具有较强防腐能力的复合型石英表面蚀刻保护涂料,通过正交实验设计确定了涂料组分配比和配制工艺.以载玻片为底材模拟蚀刻加工过程,进行了HF和NH4HF2混合酸(4∶1)的浸渍比检测,并考察了涂层的热稳定性.结果表明,线型混合体系中m(PS)(硬组分)和m(SBs)(软组分)质量比、w(改性剂)及w(填料)用量分别为1∶1,1.67%,2%,在60 ℃～80 ℃的浸渍温度下,浸渍比(W)为63.9,涂层可耐热到300℃,且对饱和氟化氢、氟化氢铵溶液等强腐蚀性介质有较好的化学稳定性.     

铁钙复合絮凝剂HC211用于钻井废水处理性能研究

探讨了在不同PH值、温度、剂量及酸化预处理条件下，铁钙复合絮凝剂HC211絮凝特性和絮凝效果的好坏。研究表明铁钙复合絮凝剂HC211在PH值为8－10，温度为15℃，剂量在4‰左右有好的絮凝效果。尤其在酸化预处理后，铁钙复合絮凝剂HC211絮凝效果更佳。     

Evaluating factors that influence microbial phenanthrene biodegradation rates by regression with categorical variables

To advance the accuracy of bioremediation measurements, it is useful before specific experiments to attribute or estimate the influence of both experimental as well as field conditions on the expected magnitudes of microbial degradation rate coefficients. This paper analyzes the numerical contribution, or influence, of categories of conditions, such as bacterial adaptive state, electron acceptor type, mixing, generalized sorption conditions, and biodegradation temperature, on published phenanthrene biodegradation rates as an example of our regression approach. A fundamental microbial degradation rate equation is transformed to an additive model, then using multiple linear regression on published data, coefficients (of categorical variables) and a linear model are presented that estimate first-order biodegradation rate coefficients to within a factor of 3. Numerical estimates of how much bacterial adaptive state and presence of a sorption phase, the two most statistically significant factors, alter the phenanthrene biodegradation rate are presented. The influence of some measurement or field conditions, for example, the influence of oxygen reduction versus optimal nitrate reduction, cannot be distinguished statistically given the available data and range. The regression model is tested using conditions from newly published papers to estimate a priori the expected rate, which compares very favorably to measurements reported in the papers. Due to limited published data and range for extreme cases, the current coefficients do not apply to degradation of very aged phenanthrene nor very low concentrations of electron acceptors. As estimating tools, however, the coefficients themselves and the regression approach have very beneficial roles in design of experiments for both laboratory and field settings. Our method can be applied to other PAHs as sufficient data become available.     

洗车废水处理技术现状与展望

洗车废水中含有泥砂、油乳化液、有机物及洗涤剂类污染物质。在分析中 ,对洗车废水的水质进行了分类 ,并针对不同的水质 ,对国内的大型洗车场的处理工艺和小型洗车行的洗车废水回用工艺进行了介绍和分析 ,对国外采用膜工艺处理洗车废水的相关研究也进行了简要的介绍 ,同时提出了洗车废水的污泥处理问题。从社会、经济效益来看 ,洗车废水回用是必然趋势。现行的洗车废水回用处理工艺回用率低、处理效果不理想 ,采用高效、简单、实用、经济的原则进行设计 ,满足社会对洗车水回用的需求是未来洗车废水处理技术发展的要求