Fe/TiO2光催化降解水溶液中的4-氯苯酚

以TiO2-P25及FeC2O4为前驱物制备了Fe3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂--Fe/TiO2.X射线衍射结果表明,500 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2主要是锐态矿晶型,当掺Fe3 量为0.5%(质量分数,下同)时,Fe3 以取代掺杂形式进入TiO2晶格,而当掺Fe3 量达5.0%时,则出现α-Fe2O3的特征衍射峰;900 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2则均为金红石晶型,掺Fe3 量达2.0%～5.0%时,出现Fe2TiO5的特征衍射峰.4-氯苯酚的光催化实验结果表明,煅烧温度及Fe3 掺杂量对Fe/TiO2的光催化活性有显著影响,以煅烧温度500 ℃及掺Fe3 量0.5%的Fe/TiO2为光催化剂,反应80 min,4-氯苯酚的降解率达100%,总有机碳去除率约95%.     

浙江地质灾害发育类型和分布特征

从地形地貌、地质构造、岩土结构、水文气候及人类活动等方面简述了浙江地质灾害的发生背景,并进一步论述了浙江地质灾害的发育类型及时空分布特征。     

Occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, and endocrine-disrupting personal care products in wastewater and the recipient river water of the Pearl River Delta, South China

The occurrence and behavior of β-blockers, antiepileptic drug carbamazepine and its metabolites, X-ray contrast agent iopromide, natural and synthetic hormones, and several groups of hormone-like personal care products (PCPs), including antiseptics (triclocarban, triclosan, and 2-phenylphenol), parabens and bisphenol A, were investigated in municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, and urban river water of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The pharmaceuticals, natural hormones and PCPs were ubiquitously detected in the raw wastewater from a sewage treatment plant (STP). Only triclocarban and triclosan were detected at significant amounts in the dewatered sludge. Iopromide and the PCPs were greatly removed/transformed from the aqueous phase of the wastewater. The β-blockers were only moderately removed/transformed. Carbamazepine passed through the STP almost unchanged. Biodegradation was the dominant process for elimination/transformation of the pharmaceuticals, hormones, and most PCPs in the STP. However, sorption also played an important role in the fate of triclocarban with nearly 50% of the mass load entering the STP ended up and persisted in the dewatered sludge. The pharmaceuticals, estrone, and PCPs were also widely detected in the Pearl River at Guangzhou. Bisphenol A had the highest concentration. The pharmaceutical concentrations in the Pearl River were higher in March than in May, most likely due to less dilution by lower precipitation. The omnipresence and high levels of the pharmaceuticals and PCPs in the Pearl River may be associated with direct discharge of untreated wastewater and pose potential risks to the ecological system.     

高放废物处置库中缓冲/回填材料膨胀特性研究进展

根据近年来国内外学者的研究成果,重点从缓冲/回填材料膨胀性试验方法、影响膨胀性的主要因素和膨胀机理等方面总结了该课题的研究现状及进展,得到如下认识:(1)在试验方法方面,根据加载条件可将膨胀率试验分为有荷和无荷两种形式,而膨胀力试验方法主要有三种,不同试验方法获得的膨胀力存在差别;(2)三向膨胀试验为研究缓冲/回填材料膨胀性各向异性提供了可行的途径,柔性边界试验可模拟更真实的膨胀环境;(3)影响缓冲/回填材料膨胀特性的主要因素包括矿物成分、孔隙溶液性质、干密度、初始含水率和添加剂性质等;(4)针对膨润土/添加剂混合物的膨胀性,学界基于膨润土含量、密度、孔隙比等参数提出了多种预测模型;(5)缓冲/回填材料的干密度和试样尺寸会影响其收缩特性。针对目前该课题的研究现状和不足,提出了今后的研究重点和方向,主要包括复杂耦合条件下的膨胀特性、三向膨胀试验与多边界条件试验、具体应用研究、收缩特性研究、添加剂与膨润土相互作用机制、大尺度长期室内模型试验和原位试验等。     

Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp. D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance

Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human health.In order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil,combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and the hyperaccumulator,Sedum alfredii Hance was investigated.After treatment for 210 days,the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the controls.The inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and S.alfredii.The shoots/roots ratios of S.alfredii for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to 21.75.The Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for S.alfredii treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for S.alfredii and strain D-6 combined treatment,respectively,compared with that in the control.The population size of the DDTs-degrading strain,Simpson index (1/D) and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased,ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial level.The results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and S.alfredii into soil was found to significantly (p 0.05) enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in S.alfredii.It was concluded that strain D-6 and S.alfredii could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.     

空间环境中子效应及测量技术

随着航天事业向长时间载人深空探测方向发展,空间辐射环境对航天器及其器件、对宇航员的损伤越来越受到重视。在空间辐射的诸多因素中,中子的辐射危害相当可观。介绍了空间中子探测研究的重要性,总结了空间中子的分布和来源、中子导致的辐射剂量贡献、中子对航天器危害和对航天员的损伤以及空间中子的探测方法。     

基于GIS的北京市机动车污染数据库的开发和应用

利用 GIS技术建立机动车污染数据库 ,能动态、直观地反映机动车污染的时空分布规律 ,为机动车污染控制研究提供强有力的工具 .本研究以 ArcView为主要的 GIS开发工具 ,通过属性数据和空间数据的链接 ,实现了北京市机动车污染数据库的地图化表现、动态查询、基本空间分析等功能 ,从而为机动车污染数据库提供了技术支持 .利用该系统 ,可以对北京市机动车污染物的排放、浓度和分担率的空间分布规律进行 GIS实例分析 .     

Accelerated biodegradation of nitrophenols in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza

We investigated the biodegradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza plants by conducting degradation experiments with three river water samples supplemented with each nitrophenol (NP). We then isolated NP-degrading bacteria both from the S. polyrrhiza roots and from the river water. In the river water samples, removal of the three NP was accelerated in the presence of S. polyrrhiza plants. The three NPs persisted in an autoclaved solution with sterile plants suggests that NP removal was accelerated largely by bacterial NP biodegradation rather than by adsorption and uptake by the plants. We isolated 8 strains of NP-degrading bacteria: 6 strains from the S. polyrrhiza roots and 2 strains from river water without the plants. The 2-NP- and 2,4-DNP-degrading bacteria were isolated only from the S. polyrrhiza roots. The 4-NPdegrading bacteria different from those isolated from the river water samples were also found on S. polyrrhiza roots. The 2-NP- and 4-NP-degrading strains isolated from the roots utilized the corresponding NP (0.5 mmol/L) as the sole carbon and energy source. The 2,4-DNP-degrading strains isolated from the roots showed substantial 2,4-DNP-degrading activity, but the presence of other carbon and energy sources was required for their growth. The isolated NP-degrading bacteria from the roots must have contributed to the accelerated degradation of the three NPs in the rhizosphere of S. polyrrhiza. Our results suggested that rhizoremediation with S. polyrrhiza may be effective for NP-contaminated surface water.     

全自动烷基汞分析仪测定水中烷基汞的方法研究

建立了全自动烷基汞分析仪测定水中的烷基汞(甲基汞,乙基汞)的方法.实验中衍生化反应所用的试剂为含有2.0 mol/L醋酸缓冲液,1%(g/v)NaBEt4(四乙基硼化钠)和1%(g/v)NaBPr4(四丙基硼化钠)的2%(g/v)氢氧化钾-水溶液,经衍生化的水样直接吹扫捕集后,进入气相色谱柱中分离并高温裂解,最后进入冷原子荧光检测器(CVAFS)中检测甲基汞和乙基汞的含量.甲基汞和乙基汞的方法检出限分别为0.002 ng/L和0.005 ng/L.     

久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究Ⅲ.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对３种海洋微藻细胞内２种清除活性氧的关键性酶———超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响．结果显示：１在久效磷的胁迫下，扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势，而叉鞭金藻细胞的ＳＯＤ活性时而上升，时而下降，在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化．２随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长，３种微藻细胞的过氧化物酶活性均逐渐下降，表现出相同的变化规律性．这说明不同的藻种，久效磷对其细胞内酶活性的影响不尽相同．推测超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的降低是微藻细胞内过量产生活性氧，进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一．