Increasing collaboration between China and India in the environmental sciences to foster global sustainability

As the two largest countries by population, China and India have pervasive effects on the ecosphere. Because of their human population size and long international boundary, they share biodiversity and the threats to it, as well as crops, pests and diseases. We ranked the two countries on a variety of environmental challenges and solutions, illustrating quantitatively their environmental footprint and the parallels between them regarding the threats to their human populations and biodiversity. Yet we show that China and India continue to have few co-authorships in environmental publications, even as their major funding for scientific research has expanded. An agenda for collaboration between China and India can start with the shared Himalaya, linking the countries’ scientists and institutions. A broader agenda can then be framed around environmental challenges that have regional patterns. Coordinated and collaborative research has the potential to improve the two countries’ environmental performance, with implications for global sustainability.     

环氧丙烷生产废液中1,2 -二氯丙烷的回收

介绍了从环氧丙烷生产废液中回收1,2-二氯丙烷的新方法。采用常压精馏、减压精馏、共沸精馏工艺分离环氧丙烷生产废液中的1,2-二氯丙烷。实验结果显示,共沸精馏工艺的效果最好;在含有一定量的共沸剂、釜温100℃、顶温86℃、回流比为1的条件下,塔顶馏分中1,2-二氯丙烷的质量分数可达到98％以上,1,2-二氯丙烷的回收率可达到97％以上。     

负载稀土元素活性碳纤维在微型反应器中净化NO废气

以NH3为还原剂,以活性碳纤维（ACF）、HNO,浸渍的ACF、负载CuO的ACF和负载La2O3的ACF为催化剂,在微型反应器中考察各种催化剂对NO催化还原的活性,并进行了差热-热重、扫描电镜分析。实验结果表明,ACF负载La能有效地改善催化剂的活性,且催化活性中心为非晶态的氧化物;当ACF负载20％的La2O3时具有最好的低温活性,NO的去除率最高可达92％以上。     

生物还原-化学沉淀法自烟气中的SO2制备ZnS

采用生物还原—化学沉淀法自烟气中的SO2制备ZnS,将含有Zn(OH)2杂质的粗品ZnS通过化学提纯制得高纯度ZnS。实验结果表明,采用NH4C l-NH3.H2O混合液对含有Zn(OH)2杂质的粗品ZnS进行提纯的优化条件为:每500m g粗品ZnS加入NH4C l与NH3.H2O摩尔比为1∶1、两组分浓度均为3.0m o l/L的10mLNH4C l-NH3.H2O混合液。X射线衍射分析表明,提纯后的产物粉末全部为ZnS,其纯度与ZnS标准试样相当。     

分子印迹技术在环境科学领域中的应用

分子印迹技术（MIT）是一门新兴的边缘科学技术,它的产生与发展为环境科学打开了又一视角。介绍了MIT的产生与发展及基本原理,综述了MIT在环境科学领域中的应用,主要包括MIT在固相萃取、膜分离、色谱分析、传感器及分子印迹聚合物作为催化剂在环境修复中的应用。     

空气污染指数模式的改进

我国目前以空气污染指数API报告各城市的环境空气质量。由于我国各地环境空气质量状况差异很大,该方法在报告城市空气质量时具有较大的片面性,不能综合反应污染状况。本文针对现行的API指数法进行了模式推算和改进,新的计算模式可更客观全面地反映城市空气质量。     

Growth factors, kinetics and biodegradation mechanism associated with Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1 grown on octylphenol polyethoxylates

The growth properties and biodegradation mechanism of a Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1 that was able to grow on branched octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEO(n), average n=9.5) as the sole carbon source over a wide concentration range (1-100,000 mgl(-1)) were studied. Analysis of growth factors indicated the highest specific growth rate (micro) of 0.53 h(-1) was obtained at an initial concentration of 5,000 mgl(-1) OPEO(n). An optimal C/N ratio of 12 was obtained for (NH(4))(2)SO(4) as the nitrogen source in a cultivated medium at pH 7. The kinetic analysis demonstrated that bacterial growth and OPEO(n) degradation followed the Monod equation and were based on a substrate concentration inhibition model and pseudo-first-order reaction, respectively. The substrate inhibition coefficient was over 18,000 mgl(-1) and this indicates that the strain has an ability to sustain growth at high concentrations of OPEO(n) and use it as the sole carbon source under such a stress condition. Furthermore, LC-MS analysis showed that the biodegradation mechanism of dodecyl octaethoxylate (AEO8) by P. nitroreducens TX1 was the sequential cleavage of the ethoxylate chain.     

源头活水清清几许--来自南水北调中线水源区的调查

我国是一个水资源短缺的国家,水资源的分布极不平衡.黄河、淮河、海河流域人均水资源只有501立方米,是我国缺水最严重的地区,而我国北方对黄河、淮河的用水量均已超过河流来水量的50%,海、滦河的用水量几乎达到了100%,已经远远超出了国际认可的安全警戒线,却仍然远远不能满足经济发展和人民生活的需求.     

催化超临界水氧化处理1,5-萘二磺酸

采用Mn2O3/γ-AL2O3和V2O5/γ-Al2O/为催化剂,在一连续流固定床反应器中进行了超临界水氧化1,5-萘二磺酸实验.实验结果表明,在380～440℃,24 MPa条件下,Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3和V2O5/y-Al2O3催化剂对1,5-萘二磺酸的氧化降解具有显著的促进作用,TOC去除率达到90%以上;催化剂的催化效果随反应温度的升高而增强,随pH值的降低而增强,随停留时间的延长先增强后趋于平缓.