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171.
不同条件下高炉渣吸附水中无机磷的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
高炉渣(BFS)是在冶炼生铁过程中产生的固体废弃物,开展高炉渣的资源化研究具有重要意义.为了对水淬高炉渣净化含磷污水的应用提供理论依据,采取等温吸附的实验方法,比较了不同水淬炉渣的吸附磷效果,研究了不同pH和不同温度下水淬炉渣吸附磷的特点,结果如下:利用Langmuir等温吸附方程炉渣吸附磷的过程进行拟合,其相关系数均能达到显著水平.炉渣的碱度越高,吸附磷的效果越好;炉渣对磷的吸附能力随溶液pH的增加而降低,且初始为酸性(pH=2、4)的溶液在吸附达到平衡后pH有所上升,而初始为碱性的溶液(pH=10、12)在吸附达到平衡后pH有所下降;炉渣对磷的吸附是一个自发放热过程. 相似文献
172.
Liu S Tao S Liu W Dou H Liu Y Zhao J Little MG Tian Z Wang J Wang L Gao Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):651-656
Passive air sampling (PAS) was employed to study the occurrence of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs in the North Chinese Plain. The averaged concentrations of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were 485 ± 209 ng/m3 and 267 ± 161 ng/m3, respectively. The PAHs concentrations at urban sites were generally higher than those at rural ones with ratios <1.5 in spring, summer and fall, but differences between them were not significant for the wintertime and annually averaged concentrations. This urban-rural distribution pattern was related to the PAHs emission sources. PAHs spatial variation can be partially (49%) explained by emission with a simple linear regression method. Both the gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were highest in winter and lowest in summer, with winter/summer ratios of 1.8 and 8, respectively. Emission strength was the most important factor for the seasonality. 相似文献
173.
污泥果肥利用中重金属迁移特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了厦门城市污泥的安全利用,将石渭头污水处理厂污泥经过好氧堆肥后施用于柚子树,对重金属元素在土壤、树叶及果肉中的迁移特征进行了研究。结果表明:Cd在土壤中的富集能力强;重金属元素从土壤向树叶迁移累积能力比向果肉的大得多,污泥肥料不能用于叶类食用植物的施用;Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移累积能力强;泥肥的施用加重了土壤中Cd的污染,提高了Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移能力;污泥果肥利用需降低Ni的浓度,对污泥中含量较高的Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Cd需进行跟踪检测。 相似文献
174.
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176.
Spatial and temporal variations and possible sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in rivers in Tianjin, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Water, suspended solid (SS) and sediment samples were collected from nine water courses in Tianjin, China and analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDXs, including o,p'-,p,p'-DDT, DDD and DDE). The average DDX concentrations in water, SS and sediment were 59+/-30 ng l(-1), 2690+/-1940 ng g(-1)dry wt. and 340+/-930 ng g(-1)dry wt., respectively. Due to the termination of the extensive agricultural application and industrial manufacture, DDXs in river sediment decreased by one order of magnitude since 1970's and low DDT fractions in these sediments were observed. Still, DDXs in the sediments near the outlets of the major manufacturers remained relatively high attributed to the historic input. DDXs in sediment were also positively correlated with organic matter content. Spatial distributions of DDXs in SS and water was different from that in sediment. For SS, a negative correlation between DDX concentration and SS content indicated a dilution effect in many rivers. Dissolved organic carbon content was the major factor affecting DDX concentrations in water phase. Wastewater discharged from dicofol manufacturers and likely illegal agricultural application were the primary reasons causing high DDT (DDE+DDD) ratios in SS and water. 相似文献
177.
A series of supported palladium catalysts were evaluated for their ability to mediate the complete hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or phenanthrene (Phe) in hexane was merged with a hydrogen-carbon dioxide [5% (w/w) H(2)/CO(2)] stream and transferred to a flow through mini-reactor (capacity ca. 1 g) that was maintained at 90 degrees C under a back-pressure of 20.68 MPa. Effluent from the reactor trapped in hexane was monitored/quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Catalyst formulations supported on iron powder, high density polyethylene (HDPE) or gamma-alumina were prepared and compared in terms of hydrogenation activity as measured by the quantity of substrate per unit time that could be perhydrogenated to toxicologically innocuous products. Both of the Pd preparations supported on gamma-alumina were more efficient than a commercial Pd(0) (5% w/w) on gamma-Al(2)O(3) formulation or preparations supported on HDPE or the iron powder. Bimetallic mixtures with Pd increased the hydrogenation activity when co-deposited with Cu or Ni but not with Ag or Co. However, increases in hydrogenation activity by increasing the loading of Pd (or bimetallic mixture) on this surface were limited. Despite using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) to swell the surfaces of the polymer, the deposition of nanoparticles within the polyethylene formulation was appreciably less active than either the oxidic or the Fe(0) formulations. 相似文献
178.
Sorption of organic contaminants by biopolymers: role of polarity, structure and domain spatial arrangement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sorption behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) (i.e., pyrene, phenanthrene and naphthalene) by native and chemically modified biopolymers (lignin, chitin and cellulose) was examined. Lignins (native and treated) showed nonlinear sorption for all compounds studied, emphasizing their glassy character. Chitins and celluloses had linear isotherms for phenanthrene and naphthalene, illustrating the dominance of partitioning, while pyrene yielded nonlinear isotherms. Sorption capacity (K(oc)) of HOCs was negatively correlated with the polarity [(O+N)/C] of the biopolymers. Aromatic and alkyl+aromatic C percentages, rather than alkyl C content, demonstrated a better correlation with K(oc) values, indicating the importance of aromatic structures for HOC affinity. Hydrophobicity (K(ow))-normalized K(oc) values decreased sharply with increasing percentage of O-alkyl C versus total aliphatic C (O-alkyl C/total aliphatic C) or with polar C/(alkyl+aromatic C) ratio of the biopolymers until their values reached 80% and 4, respectively, illustrating the effect of surrounding polar groups on reducing affinity for HOCs. Overall, the results of this study highlight the role of spatial arrangement of domains within biopolymers in sorption of HOCs, and point to sorbent properties, such as functionality, polarity and structure, jointly regulating the sorption of HOCs in biopolymers. 相似文献
179.
The microbiological contamination of waterways by pathogenic microbes has been, and is still, a persistent public safety concern
in the United States and in most countries of the world. As most enteric pathogens are transmitted through the fecal–oral
route, fecal pollution is generally regarded as the major contributor of pathogens to waterways. Fecal pollution of waterways
can originate from wastewater treatment facilities, septic tanks, domestic- and wild-animal feces, and pets. Because enteric
pathogens are derived from human or animal sources, techniques capable of identifying and apportioning fecal sources have
been intensively investigated for use in remediation efforts and to satisfy regulatory concerns. Pollution of human origin
is of the most concern, since human feces is more likely to contain human-specific enteric pathogens. Fecal indicator bacteria
have been used successfully as the primary tool for microbiologically based risk assessment. However measurement of fecal
indicator bacteria does not define what pathogens are present, or define the sources of these bacteria. Microbial source tracking
(MST) methods that have the ability to differentiate among sources of fecal pollution are currently under development. These
methods will ultimately be useful for risk assessment purposes and to aid regulatory agencies in developing strategies to
remediate microbiologically impaired waterways. 相似文献
180.
苯并(a)芘对大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)卵巢还原型谷胱甘肽含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了大弹涂鱼肌肉、鳃、肝脏、内脏 (不含肝脏 )以及卵巢等的GSH含量 ;并以GSH含量最高的卵巢为研究对象 ,在实验条件下 ,经 0 (CK) ,0 .0 5 ,0 .2和 0 .5mg/L等不同浓度的BaP暴露 7d ,分析其卵巢GSH含量变化的时间 -效应和剂量 -效应特征 ,结果显示 :0 .5mg/L浓度组的大弹涂鱼卵巢GSH含量迅速升高 ,暴露 12h即显著高于CK(P≤ 0 .0 5 ) ,但随暴露时间的延长 ,其GSH含量显著降低 ,7d的样品显著低于CK(P≤ 0 .0 5 ) ;在暴露 3d ,GSH水平与BaP浓度的剂量 -效应关系表现为正相关 ,而在 7d ,则呈负相关 ,这可能表明大弹涂鱼卵巢对BaP暴露由适应性反应到产生毒性效应的过程 .以上研究结果表明 ,卵巢GSH可对BaP暴露作出快速灵敏的反应 ,GSH水平有可能作为具氧化 -还原循环活性的污染物暴露的一种敏感的生物标记 .图 2表 2参 9 相似文献