激波诱导下煤粉的爆炸压力测试

因气体爆炸导致沉积粉尘的二次爆炸的威力远大于单纯的气体或者粉尘爆炸产生的威力,利用自制的装置,诱导煤粉爆炸的激波由甲烷气体爆炸产生,对激波诱导下煤粉的爆炸压力Pmax、爆炸压力上升速率(dp/dt)max进行了实验研究。该实验分别研究煤粉浓度及煤粉粒度对爆炸指数的影响,其结果表明:对于不同的煤粉浓度,存在一个理想煤粉浓度值,在这个浓度下的煤粉爆炸压力值最大;随着煤粉粒度的减小,其爆炸压力不断升高。     

克拉玛依市机动车污染现状调查与防治对策研究

在调查克拉玛依市机动车尾气污染的基础上,分析存在的问题,并针对性地提出城市交通污染的控制对策.     

江苏沿江某化工园区有机污染调查与研究

选择沿江某典型化工园区进行有机污染调查分析,分析污染排放特征及其对长江水质影响.为了解工业园区环境污染状况、从源头控制有机毒物等提供科学依据.     

2008年1月广州颗粒物数浓度污染特征

于2008年1月利用颗粒物计数器(CPC)、颗粒物在线观测仪(TEOM1400a)、自动气象站以及现时天气现象传感器(PWV22)获得了大气颗粒物中每分钟颗粒物数浓度、每30分钟PM2.5>浓度、风速、相对湿度、降雨量等气象因子以及大气能见度.结果发现,1月份能见度低于10km的天数达到25天,其中灰霾天气有17天.灰霾天气下,颗粒物敖浓度为22032±4731个/立方厘米,PM2.5,浓度为123.1±64.5 μg/m3.非灰霾和灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度日变化趋势总体比较接近,但在13:00～16:00时段,非灰霾天气条件下颗粒物数浓度变化比较明显,而灰霾天气条件下颗粒物数浓度变化比较平缓.现测期内颗粒物教浓度与大气能见度、相对湿度、风速呈负相关,与PM2.5质量浓度、温度呈正相关.灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度与PM2.5浓度、相对湿度的相关性系数绝对值明显高于非灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度与这两者的相关性系数绝对值.     

环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析

依据《气体分析校准气体混合物的制备重量法》（1SO6142—2001）和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO6143—2001）,阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源,并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度：     

Sorption of organic contaminants by biopolymers: role of polarity, structure and domain spatial arrangement

Sorption behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) (i.e., pyrene, phenanthrene and naphthalene) by native and chemically modified biopolymers (lignin, chitin and cellulose) was examined. Lignins (native and treated) showed nonlinear sorption for all compounds studied, emphasizing their glassy character. Chitins and celluloses had linear isotherms for phenanthrene and naphthalene, illustrating the dominance of partitioning, while pyrene yielded nonlinear isotherms. Sorption capacity (K(oc)) of HOCs was negatively correlated with the polarity [(O+N)/C] of the biopolymers. Aromatic and alkyl+aromatic C percentages, rather than alkyl C content, demonstrated a better correlation with K(oc) values, indicating the importance of aromatic structures for HOC affinity. Hydrophobicity (K(ow))-normalized K(oc) values decreased sharply with increasing percentage of O-alkyl C versus total aliphatic C (O-alkyl C/total aliphatic C) or with polar C/(alkyl+aromatic C) ratio of the biopolymers until their values reached 80% and 4, respectively, illustrating the effect of surrounding polar groups on reducing affinity for HOCs. Overall, the results of this study highlight the role of spatial arrangement of domains within biopolymers in sorption of HOCs, and point to sorbent properties, such as functionality, polarity and structure, jointly regulating the sorption of HOCs in biopolymers.     

Spatial and temporal variations and possible sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in rivers in Tianjin, China

Water, suspended solid (SS) and sediment samples were collected from nine water courses in Tianjin, China and analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDXs, including o,p'-,p,p'-DDT, DDD and DDE). The average DDX concentrations in water, SS and sediment were 59+/-30 ng l(-1), 2690+/-1940 ng g(-1)dry wt. and 340+/-930 ng g(-1)dry wt., respectively. Due to the termination of the extensive agricultural application and industrial manufacture, DDXs in river sediment decreased by one order of magnitude since 1970's and low DDT fractions in these sediments were observed. Still, DDXs in the sediments near the outlets of the major manufacturers remained relatively high attributed to the historic input. DDXs in sediment were also positively correlated with organic matter content. Spatial distributions of DDXs in SS and water was different from that in sediment. For SS, a negative correlation between DDX concentration and SS content indicated a dilution effect in many rivers. Dissolved organic carbon content was the major factor affecting DDX concentrations in water phase. Wastewater discharged from dicofol manufacturers and likely illegal agricultural application were the primary reasons causing high DDT (DDE+DDD) ratios in SS and water.     

煤与瓦斯突出的物理模拟和数值模拟研究

利用自行设计的实验装置,通过现场采集具有突出倾向的煤样,分别向实验装置煤样中充入吸附能力较大的CO2和吸附能力较小的N2来模拟不同级别的煤与瓦斯突出现象,物理试验结果表明:瓦斯压力越大,突出强度越大;当瓦斯压力相近时,吸附和解吸能力大的瓦斯突出强度大。通过数值模拟对煤与瓦斯突出进行研究,数值模拟再现了煤矿开采过程中诱发的煤与瓦斯突出全过程,同时验证了煤与瓦斯突出是瓦斯压力、地应力及煤岩体的力学性质综合作用的结果,该验证对进一步深入理解认识煤与瓦斯突出的机理具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

环境监测数值修约在Excel中的实现

本文简要介绍了环境监测技术规范中所规定的数值修约规则及相关规范要求的主要内容,并给出了相应的Excel修约公式和修约函数,可方便地用于对环境监测工作中实验测定和计算得出的各种数值进行修约。修约公式是一个利用Excel工作表函数构造的满足数值修约基本规则的工作表计算公式,在给定修约位数的前提下,可直接在工作表单元格中使用修约公式对数值进行修约,对于简单应用,具有方便、快捷、直观的特点。修约函数是一个利用Excel VBA编制的自定义函数,共有四个参数,其调用方法同工作表函数,具有针对性强、灵活、便捷的特点,可根据环境监测技术规范的特定要求,实现自动按有效位数或小数位数进行数值修约,并按相应的格式输出数据。     

中国污泥堆肥产业发展模式的探讨

本文介绍了我国污泥堆肥产业现状、技术发展方向、相关标准规范;比较了污泥堆肥项目的建设运营与污水处理的不同之处;通过唐山西郊项目的成功运行,说明污泥堆肥项目在运作良好的情况下完全可以实现运营平衡,结合资源化处置的污染治理项目也有可能实现效益产出.