Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

高校师德建设浅析

师德建设是高校精神文明建设的重要组成部分。本文针对当前高校师资队伍建设中的不足,论述了师德建设的重要性,阐明了高校教师应具备的思想道德素质。     

北部湾卡盾藻(Chattonella spp.)种类鉴定

2018年9月在北部湾海域分离得到3株卡盾藻,采用光学显微镜对其进行形态学初步鉴定,并通过核糖体大亚基LSU rDNA和ITS基因进行系统进化分析。结果表明,卡盾藻北部湾株符合海洋卡盾藻形态学典型特征:藻体黄褐色,细胞呈纺锤形,无黏液泡,尾部具尖端,细胞平均长（57.8±9.1）μm。系统发育树上北部湾卡盾藻分别以96%（LSU rDNA）和99%（ITS）的自展支持率与不同来源的海洋卡盾藻、古老卡盾藻、卵圆卡盾藻、小型卡盾藻聚在同一大分支上。通过遗传距离分析发现,北部湾3株卡盾藻与不同来源的海洋卡盾藻、古老卡盾藻、卵圆卡盾藻、小型卡盾藻亲缘关系较近,LSU和ITS遗传距离分别为0.0000~0.0016和0.0000~0.0235;而与盐生卡盾藻亲缘关系较远,遗传距离分别为0.0415~0.0490和0.0733~0.0750。因此,综合形态学和分子生物学结果可以确定北部湾3株卡盾藻为海洋卡盾藻/海洋卡盾藻的变种。研究结果可为我国卡盾藻藻华藻种库的构建和卡盾藻北部湾株生理生态学的研究提供基础数据。     

北京市工业园区VOCs污染特征及健康风险评估案例：高新技术产业的环境影响

随着国家产业结构的不断调整和工业企业入驻园区刚性要求的不断强化,以高新技术为支柱产业的高新技术产业园区不断增加,为分析涉VOCs高新技术产业对园区环境质量的影响,选取北京市典型高新技术产业园区作为研究案例,采用BCT-7800A PLUS挥发性有机物在线监测系统对园区环境VOCs(共计115种)进行了监测,分析了园区环境VOCs污染水平和臭氧生成潜势,并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数(HI)和终生癌症风险(Risk).利用气相色谱-质谱/氢离子火焰检测器联用(GC-MS/FID)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的方法检测了园区不同点位的环境VOCs,并对不同点位的环境VOCs污染特征进行了分析.结果表明：(1)连续监测期间高新技术产业园区φ(TVOCs)为(72.71±52.51)×10^-9,VOCs主要贡献组分为烷烃和OVOCs,占比分别为38.3%和21.8%,主要受燃料燃烧源影响,园区OFP均值为404.13μg·m^-3.(2)健康风险评价表明,连续监测期间园区毒性VOCs造成的非致癌风险(HI)均低于1,处于可接受水平;1,2-二氯乙烷平均致癌...     

Detection and assessment of dust mite allergens in an indoor environment in Anhui,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dust in the home environment is thought to be a potential trigger for increasing allergic diseases, such as allergic rash, rhinitis, asthma, and other...     

亚硝酸盐存在下4-氯酚在硫酸根自由基高级氧化工艺中的转化及硝基氯酚的生成

硫酸根自由基(SO_4~(·-))高级氧化工艺(SR-AOPs)被广泛应用于土壤和地下水污染修复,然而其使用过程中生成的有毒有害副产物尚未引起重视.本研究以热活化过硫酸盐(PS)为反应体系,考察亚硝酸盐(NO~-_2)对4-氯酚(4CP)转化和产物生成的影响.色谱-质谱联用分析表明, SO_4~(·-)可介导亚硝态氮掺入4CP分子结构,生成4-氯-2-硝基酚(4C2NP).4C2NP的生成是4CP酚氧自由基(ClPhO~·)与二氧化氮自由基(NO_2~·)相互耦合的结果.在50μmol·L~(-1) 4CP、 2 mmol·L~(-1) PS、溶液pH 7.0、加热温度50℃、NO~-_2浓度50—400μmol·L~(-1)条件下,4C2NP产率介于57.9%—91.8%之间.在中性pH条件下,4C2NP在热活化PS体系中可发生进一步转化.增加NO~-_2浓度稍微抑制了4CP的转化,却显著提高了4C2NP的产率.Suwannee河富里酸(SRFA)的存在缓减了4CP的转化,但4CP转化生成4C2NP仍然是其消亡的主要途径.结果说明,在NO~-_2存在下,采用SR-AOPs处理氯酚可生成具有"三致"效应的硝基氯酚,必须引起足够重视.     

我国《新化学物质环境管理办法》修订探讨

介绍了我国新化学物质环境管理的相关要求;结合国际新化学物质环境管理经验和近年国内生态环境保护形势的要求,分析了我国新化学物质环境管理制度存在的主要问题;从调整管理类别、明确物质范围、简化申报类型、建立排查机制、强化主体责任、授权技术内审、简化信息报告、完善相关内容等方面对我国《新化学物质环境管理办法》的修订完善进行了探讨。     

Biological responses to nine powerful typhoons in the East China Sea

Using multi-satellite remote sensing and numerical model data, we investigated the biological responses to nine powerful typhoons that affected the East China Sea (ECS) between 2010 and 2013. The spatial distribution patterns of the surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in response to the passage of typhoons were quite different. Some typhoons clearly induced phytoplankton blooms in part of the surface seawater, whereas the Chl-a concentrations were not significantly altered by the other typhoons. In the case that the ocean’s precondition was similar, the pre-typhoon Chl-a concentration and transit time were the main factors that affected the post-typhoon Chl-a concentration. Besides strong vertical mixing and upwelling, the surface current change and heavy precipitation induced by the typhoons also influenced the distribution and growth of phytoplankton in surface seawater after passage of individual typhoons. In addition, the typhoons that directly affected coastal regions increased the nutrient concentrations in these areas, which influenced the occurrence of red tides in the ECS over a long time scale.     

基于GIS的造纸企业生态风险评价初探

造纸企业的生态危害问题是环保工作的热点,生态风险评价成为辅助决策过程的重要工具之一。本文应用GIS技术与层次分析法,以江苏省为研究区,对生态风险进行了定量综合评价和空间格局分析。结果为反映生态风险状况,优化防御措施以及进行预警决策提供了依据。     

Source apportionment for sediment PAHs using hybrid genetic pattern search treatment of a chemical mass balance receptor model: application to the Pearl River Delta region,China

In order to solve the collinear problem and improve the estimation accuracy of the chemical mass balance (CMB) model which can be essentially regarded as a constrained optimization process, in this study, a hybrid genetic pattern search algorithm (HGPS) was proposed and applied to apportion the source contributions for sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China. Simulation results with developed synthetic datasets indicated that the estimated source contributions by HGPS were more close to the true values than CMB8.2. Utilizing the HGPS-CMB, residential coal and traffic tunnel were apportioned as the major sources of sediment PAHs in the PRD region. For freshwater surface sediments, the average contribution from residential coal ranged from 32 to 55 %, and traffic tunnel ranged from 13 to 33 %, while the major sources for marine sediments were traffic tunnel (10?~?56 %). These results provide information for developing better PAH pollution control strategies for the PRD.