臭氧光电催化耦合处理炼油反渗透浓水

为控制炼油废水对环境的污染,采用臭氧光电催化氧化耦合工艺对炼油废水反渗透浓水进行了处理研究,主要考察了pH、电流密度、臭氧投加量等因素对该耦合体系废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,臭氧光电催化氧化耦合技术可有效降解炼油废水反渗透浓水;废水中油类及COD的去除率随pH的增大先提高后降低;随电流密度的增大,COD去除率先提高后降低,油类物质先提高然后基本保持恒定;臭氧投加量不断增大,COD及油类物质去除率先提高后趋于稳定。当pH=7.5,臭氧投加量达到8 mg/L,电流密度50 mA/cm2,停留时间30 min,出水达到COD≤50 mg/L,石油类≤0.5 mg/L的排放要求。     

TiO2 nanotube-supported cu as the catalyst for selective NO reduction with NH3

Catalyst supports composed of titanate nanotubes were prepared from hydrothermal treatment on TiO2 nanoparticles in NaOH followed by HCl washing. The nanotubes exhibited well-defined TiO2 anatase phase after calcination at 400 degrees C. The nanotube aggregates and other commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, all with surface areas >300 m(2)/g, were impregnated with Cu and examined in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. In catalyst preparation, the nanotubes were found to be more thermally stable than nanoparticles, withstanding agglomeration at elevated temperatures. The Cu species supported on the nanotubes showed a higher catalytic activity than those supported on the nanoparticles. Analysis with temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and NO adsorption reflected that the layered-titanate feature of the tube wall was advantageous for even distribution of the Cu species, thus leading to the high-catalytic activity of the tubular Cu/TiO2 catalyst.     

沸腾炉大气污染物初始排放因子的研究

以20台沸腾炉(≤60MW)的燃料特性分析数据和大气污染物的排放实测数据为基础,研究了颗粒物(PM)、SO2和NOX初始排放因子EFP0M、EF0SO2、EF0NOX的变化规律,并利用SPSS13.0统计分析软件,分析了EFP0M、EFS0O2、EF0NOX与影响因子间的相关性。结果表明,在沸腾炉运行负荷≥80%的条件下,EF0PM基本不受锅炉出力(W)、燃煤灰分质量分数(Aar)及过量空气系数(α)的影响,EFP0M与W、Aar、α不具有相关性;EF0SO2主要受燃煤硫质量分数(Sar)的影响,两者具有显著正相关关系;W、α、燃煤干燥基挥发分质量分数(Vdaf)对EF0NOX具有显著影响,EF0NOX与α具有显著正相关关系,而EF0NOX与W、Vdaf具有显著负相关关系;EFS0O2和EF0NOX影响因子由强到弱的顺序为:①EFS0O2:SarαW;②EF0NOX:VdafαW燃煤氮质量分数(Nar)。     

连续培养酱油曲霉（Aspergillussojae）产微生物絮凝剂的研究

为了利用廉价材料规模化生产微生物絮凝剂,以味精废水作为廉价培养基质,对酱油曲霉的摇瓶连续培养和发酵罐连续培养进行了研究。摇瓶中以5％的接种量进行连续培养,最适温度在30～33℃之间,每6h替换一次新鲜废水培养基,5次替换新鲜废水培养基后最大絮凝率仍达到97．8％。在发酵罐扩大连续培养中以5％的接种量接种后经过9h预培养达到稳定生产絮凝剂后,以4mL／min的补料流量进行连续培养,生产的絮凝剂产量达到2．392g／L,且最大絮凝率为98．1％。生产36h后对发酵系统中菌体进行稀释,使菌体量保持在50—200g／L之间可持续进行生产。     

混凝-超滤短流程工艺处理北方水库原水

采用混凝-超滤膜短流程工艺对大伙房水库原水进行处理,考察其除污染性能和膜污染情况,并对该短流程工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,当利用超滤膜直接过滤原水时,膜污染较重,并且对污染物质的去除率较低;而采用混凝．超滤短流程工艺时,膜污染得到一定程度上的缓解;当絮凝剂投加量为7mg／L、膜清洗周期为30min时,对浊度、CODMn和UV254的去除率分别为95．61％、40．42％和37．12％,出水水质能够满足生活饮用水卫生标准。     

城市污水处理厂恶臭浓度分布规律及其防治措施

城市污水处理厂的主要大气污染物之一为恶臭污染,恶臭问题已经成为环境领域的一个重要研究课题。恶臭污染物的来源主要是初沉池等水流湍动处,其成分主要是含氮化合物、含硫化合物、含氧有机物等。分析了恶臭污染物的来源、成分和浓度分布等,对确定城市污水处理厂的卫生防护距离进行了讨论,并介绍了目前国内外主要恶臭污染防治措施。湿式吸收氧化法和生物过滤法这两种技术是当前发展和应用的方向。     

浅谈循环经济与畜禽粪便资源化

我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速,但由于相关政策脱节、缺乏合理规划与布局、技术研究落后等原因,畜禽废弃物未经有效处理直接排入环境中,造成毒化水源、污染大气、传播病菌、危害农田等一系列危害.运用循环经济理论指导畜禽粪便环境污染治理,使其实现减量化、资源化、无害化,具有很大的经济效益和环境效益.     

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of diphenylarsenicals in two contrasting soils

Diphenylarsinic acid(DPAA) is formed during the leakage of aromatic arsenic chemical weapons in soils,is persistent in nature,and results in arsenic contamination in the field.The adsorption and desorption characteristics of DPAA were investigated in two typical Chinese soils,an Acrisol(a variable-charge soil) and a Phaeozem(a constant-charge soil).Their thermodynamics and some of the factors influencing them(i.e.,initial pH value,ionic strength and phosphate) were also evaluated using the batch method in order to understand the environmental fate of DPAA in soils.The results indicate that Acrisol had a stronger adsorption capacity for DPAA than Phaeozem.Soil DPAA adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process and the amount of DPAA adsorbed was affected significantly by variation in soil pH and phosphate.In contrast,soil organic matter and ionic strength had no significant effect on adsorption.This suggests that DPAA adsorption may be due to specific adsorption on soil mineral surfaces.Therefore,monitoring the fate of DPAA in soils is recommended in areas contaminated by leakage from chemical weapons.     

电厂燃煤烟尘PM2.5中化学组分特征

采集了阳泉市具有代表性的燃煤电厂除尘器下载灰,测定了其PM_(2.5)中元素、离子及EC(元素碳)、OC(有机碳)的含量水平,对其化学组分特征进行了研究,并运用分歧系数法对阳泉与其他地区的燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的相似程度进行了比较.结果发现,阳泉市电厂燃煤锅炉排放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中主要组分为SO_4~(2-)、Ca、NO_3~-、OC、EC、Al、Si、Na、Fe、Mg以及Cl~-,占PM_(2.5)总质量的57.22%;Pb在燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)中相对富集系数最大,达到10.66~15.91,呈显著富集;无烟煤和劣质煤燃烧后烟尘的PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的分歧系数为0.072,认为这两个成分谱必定相似,与其他城市所建立的燃煤烟尘成分谱相比,阳泉市燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)的化学组分具有特异性,尤其是Ca含量明显高于国内其他地区燃煤烟尘Ca的排放.     

成矿流体地球化学界面:Ⅰ概念的由来及发展

成矿流体地球化学界面是成矿流体在运移演化过程中 ,由于成矿流体周围环境的突变、成矿流体演化的不连续性和成矿流体 -环境的相互作用结果等内外因素突变所造成的成矿作用突变部位。本文简要介绍了成矿流体地球化学界面的由来、发展、含义、组成及研究意义