氯磺酚S质子化常数、解离常数的测定和极谱还原特性的研究

本文用电位法和光度法研究了氯磺酚S在水溶液中的电离作用,确定pH5.0时试剂和铝(Ⅱ)配合物存在的主要形态。试验表明氯磺酚S的电极过程是具有氧化态吸附的不可逆过程,测定了电子转移数、迁越系数和电极表面饱和吸附量,并探讨了电极反应机理。     

用于干式脱污的CaO蒸汽活化实验研究

利用小型活化转炉实验台对以CaO为主要成分的钙基脱污剂在300～650℃的温度范围内进行蒸汽活化处理,结合X射线衍射和压汞仪的分析结果,初步探讨了蒸汽活化的机理.研究表明,蒸汽活化温度在600℃以上时,脱污剂孔隙结构有显著的改善,比孔容积和比表面积有着显著的增加,微孔（＜100nm）的数量大量增加,而低温下蒸汽活化的效果不是十分明显;研究还发现高温下延长活化时间有利于改善脱污剂的孔隙结构.     

高氯离子废水CODCr测定的方法研究

对CODCr值较低，但氯离子浓度很高的水样中CODCr的测定方法进行了初步研究，比较了稀释法、硝酸银法、硫酸汞加入法各自的优缺点。结果表明，用硝酸银法测定悬浮颗粒物较少的水样中CODCr，既可去除水样中Cl^-的干扰，又可真实地测定CODCr值，同时也不会带来二次污染。     

垃圾焚烧重金属迁移特性及其影响因素

综述了城市固体垃圾(MSW)焚烧过程中的Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As和Cr等几种主要重金属污染源在焚烧过程中的迁移特性及其主要影响因素。将重金属在焚烧过程中的迁变归结为:蒸发、气相和表面反应、冷凝成核团聚和飞灰吸附等4个主要过程;而垃圾中重金属的初始浓度、原始垃圾的基体盐分(如A l、S i和K、Na等的存在形式)、垃圾中的C l(PVC和NaC l)和S的含量、垃圾的含水量以及焚烧过程中的运行参数(温度、滞留时间、氧化-还原气氛)等都会对焚烧过程的迁移规律产生影响。     

Adaptive sampling based on the cumulative distribution function of order statistics to delineate heavy-metal contaminated soils using kriging

Correctly classifying "contaminated" areas in soils, based on the threshold for a contaminated site, is important for determining effective clean-up actions. Pollutant mapping by means of kriging is increasingly being used for the delineation of contaminated soils. However, those areas where the kriged pollutant concentrations are close to the threshold have a high possibility for being misclassified. In order to reduce the misclassification due to the over- or under-estimation from kriging, an adaptive sampling using the cumulative distribution function of order statistics (CDFOS) was developed to draw additional samples for delineating contaminated soils, while kriging. A heavy-metal contaminated site in Hsinchu, Taiwan was used to illustrate this approach. The results showed that compared with random sampling, adaptive sampling using CDFOS reduced the kriging estimation errors and misclassification rates, and thus would appear to be a better choice than random sampling, as additional sampling is required for delineating the "contaminated" areas.     

新显色剂对——偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯磺酸用于测定痕量镉研究

本文报告在PH10.0的NH_3·NH_4Cl体系和Triton x-100存在下,对—偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯磺酸与镉形成红色络合物,最大吸收峰532mm,摩尔吸光系数2.02×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) ,并研究了测定镉的各种条件.     

地下水型水源地水质安全预警技术体系研究

地下水型水源地水质安全预警是城镇集中供水的地下水资源保护和管理的重要依据.为了提高地下水型水源地水质安全预警功能,提出了包括基于水质长序列监测预警、基于污染动态模拟预警及基于区域污染风险评价预警的技术体系.其中,基于水质长序列监测的预警是通过因子分析筛选水源地特征污染物,分析水质数据变幅以确定水源地水质的预警级别,可实现针对水源井的开关控制作用;基于污染动态模拟的预警是在水源地外围污染源特征基础上,模拟其动态迁移过程,进而确定其影响水源地水质的预警级别,可实现对水源地水质变化趋势的预判;基于区域污染风险评价的预警着重于水源地受区域污染风险控制与水源地保护区的耦合效应,同时结合其他预警影响因子作用以确定预警级别,可实现对水源地所在区域的宏观管控.该技术在哈尔滨市利民水源地进行了综合应用,结果显示,基于水质长序列监测预警中,COD_Mn及NH₄+的最大变幅指数均在1~2之间,预警级别确定为一级;根据污染动态模拟的结果得知,位于水源地开采井流场上游较高ρ（NH₄+）的范围在迁移20 a后,污染晕前段尚未到达水源地,确定预警级别为零级;基于区域污染风险评价的预警确定水源地所在区域为零级预警区,综合分析可以确定利民水源地地下水水质存在污染风险,应采取相应的管控措施.      

高纯二聚酸清洁生产技术分析

以一个利用高真空三级分子蒸馏技术生产高纯二聚酸的大型新建项目为例，对其原料、产品、工艺和设备进行了分析。以从棉籽油下脚料中提取的粗二聚酸为原料，自主开发了高真空三级分子蒸馏技术并改进了设备及控制条件，使二聚酸的纯度最高可达98％，水、蒸汽及能源的消耗均比原工艺有所下降。对在高纯二聚酸生产中推行清洁生产提出了建议和措施。     

基于NMF与CMB耦合应用的水体污染源解析方法

通过定量方法筛选出特征污染物,开展污染源解析,这是进行环境质量评估、环境风险评价、污染物削减的重要依据,也是切实有效地控制污染,保障环境安全的重要前提.化学质量平衡模型和非负约束因子分析模型是污染源解析中较为有效的两种方法,各自具有特定的应用优势,但同时也都存在一定的应用局限性.通过非负约束因子模型与化学质量模型的耦合...     

Investigation of heavy metal partitioning influenced by flue gas moisture and chlorine content during waste incineration

The impact of moisture on the partitioning of the heavy metals including Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a laboratory tubular furnace.A thermodynamic investigation using CHEMKIN software was performed to compare the experimental results.Simulated waste,representative of typical MSW with and without chlorine compounds,was burned at the background temperature of 700 and 950°C,respectively.In the absence of chlorine,the moisture content has no evident effect on the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu at either 700 or 950°C,however,as flue gas moisture increasing the Cd distribution in the bottom ash increased at 700°C and reduced at 950°C,respectively.In the presence of chlorine,the flue gas moisture reduced the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu due to the transformation of the more volatile metal chlorides into less volatile metal oxides,and the reduction became significant as chlorine content increase.For Cd,the chlorine promotes its volatility through the formation of more volatile CdCl 2.As a result,the increased moisture content increases the Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd concentrations in the bottom ash,which limits the utilization of the bottom ash as a construction material.Therefore,in order to accumulate heavy metals into the fly ash,MSW should be dried before incineration.