垃圾堆放发酵机理与应用工艺研究

对垃圾的发酵机理进行了实验研究,对渗沥液的析出量及其酸碱度、堆酵后垃圾热值的变化以及堆内温度的变化进行了观测,并对堆酵过程的机理进行了初步分析,给出了垃圾堆酵应用工艺的建议。     

Floristic Characteristics and Biodiversity Patterns in the Baishuijiang River Basin,China

A case study was conducted on the forest ecosystem in the Baishuijiang River basin of China to reveal the influences of environmental factors and human disturbance on the floristic characteristics and biodiversity patterns. Field surveys of the floristic composition, environmental factors, and disturbance factors were conducted along an elevation gradient, and the relationships between biodiversity pattern and environmental factors were analyzed using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis). The results showed that the floristic composition of higher plants consisted of 197 families, 796 genera, 2165 species, 19 subspecies, 239 varietas, and 12 forma, and it was characterized by the multi-geographic composition and by the transition from tropical to temperate zones. Along an elevation gradient, the variations in α and β diversity were best described by a bimodal curve, and the peak values occurred at middle elevations. The CCA indicated that the elevation had the greatest influence on the biodiversity pattern, followed by the topographic index, slope direction, slope, slope position, slope shape, and vegetation coverage. In addition, human disturbance has greatly impacted the floristic composition and biodiversity patterns, and the biodiversity indices were higher with intermediate disturbance at middle elevations compared to higher and lower disturbances at low and high elevations, respectively. This reflected a disturbance–diversity pattern and thus revealed the obvious importance to maintain the intermediate disturbance for biodiversity conservation.     

基于NMF与CMB耦合应用的水体污染源解析方法

通过定量方法筛选出特征污染物,开展污染源解析,这是进行环境质量评估、环境风险评价、污染物削减的重要依据,也是切实有效地控制污染,保障环境安全的重要前提.化学质量平衡模型和非负约束因子分析模型是污染源解析中较为有效的两种方法,各自具有特定的应用优势,但同时也都存在一定的应用局限性.通过非负约束因子模型与化学质量模型的耦合...     

应用神经网络方法优化垃圾焚烧模拟灰渣熔点的预测

采用SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO、Na₂CO₃、NaCl和Fe₂O₃等物质来模拟垃圾焚烧的真实灰渣组成,通过实验测定模拟灰渣熔点,建立神经网络模型进行熔点预测,由预测结果来指导进一步实验,得到修正的模型,最终预测出的半球温度（HT）平均误差低于5%。     

高氯离子废水CODCr测定的方法研究

对CODCr值较低,但氯离子浓度很高的水样中CODCr的测定方法进行了初步研究,比较了稀释法、硝酸银法、硫酸汞加入法各自的优缺点。结果表明,用硝酸银法测定悬浮颗粒物较少的水样中CODCr,既可去除水样中Cl^-的干扰,又可真实地测定CODCr值,同时也不会带来二次污染。     

150t/d循环流化床生活垃圾焚烧炉的工艺结构与污染排放

垃圾焚烧处理技术在我国的应用越来越广泛 ,单纯引进国外的垃圾焚烧处理技术已经无法满足我国经济发展的需要。清华大学自主开发研制的 15 0t/d循环流化床生活垃圾焚烧炉已经通过专家鉴定 ,各项焚烧污染物排放指标均达到或优于国家标准 ,总体水平居国内领先水平。本文详细介绍了该焚烧炉的系统及结构 ,并对有关控制污染物排放的技术手段进行了详细分析     

Concentration and size distribution of particulate matter in a new aviary system for laying hens in China

ABSTRACT

Particulate matter (PM) from poultry production facilities may strongly affect the health of animals and workers in the houses, and PM emitted to the ambient air is an important pollution source to the surrounding areas. Aviary system is considered as a welfare friendly production system for laying hens. However, its air quality is typically worse as compared with conventional cage systems, because of the higher PM concentration of indoor air and other airborne contaminants. Furthermore, PM’s physical property, which has a direct impact on the penetration depth into the lungs of the birds and humans, is largely unknown for the aviary system. Therefore, a systematic method was utilized to investigate the characteristics of particles in the aviary house with large cage aviary unit system (LCAU) in Beijing, China. For the field measurements, three measuring locations were selected with two inside and one outside the house with LCAU to continuously monitor PM concentrations and collect the samples for particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. Results showed that PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations averaged at 0.037 ± 0.025 mg/m³, 0.42 ± 0.10 mg/m³, and 1.92 ± 1.91 mg/m³, respectively. Particle concentrations increased from October to December due to less ventilation as the weather got colder, and were generally affected by stocking density, ventilation rate, birds’ activities, and housing system. Meanwhile, indoor PM_2.5 concentration was easily impacted by the ambient air quality. Mass median diameter (MMD) and mass geometric standard deviation (MGSD) of the TSP during the measurement were 18.92 ± 7.08 μm and 3.11 ± 0.31, respectively. Count median diameter (CMD) and count geometric standard deviation (CGSD) were 1.94 ± 0.14 μm and 1.48 ± 0.08, respectively. Results indicated that the aviary system can attain a good indoor condition by suitable system design and environment control strategy.

Implications: Indoor PM_2.5 concentration of the layer house can be significantly affected by ambient air quality when the air quality index (AQI) was larger than 100. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations of the layer house with a LCAU system were comparable to the cage system. TSP concentration was higher, and PM size was larger than most of the cage system. System design, larger space volume, and higher ventilation rate were the main influence factors. Good indoor environment of the aviary system can be achieved through the reasonable design of the production system and appropriate environment control strategy.     

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in surface water and sediment and its ecological indication in a typical mining-affected river—Le’an River,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the cycling and toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic systems. However, most studies have...     

小型燃油锅炉NOx的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉（≤10.5 MW）NO_x排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了NO_x的排放特征;通过对比分析,探讨了我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放控制与管理现状,讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放管理控制的可能性与可行性,并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明,NO_x平均排放浓度为318.2 mg/m³,     

应用地球化学工程学修复水、气、土壤污染的研究进展

本文简要介绍了地球化学工程学的基本概念、主要环境技术及尺度 ,综述了地球化学工程学在水、大气、土壤污染修复中的研究进展。