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91.
Monitoring of contaminant accumulation in fish has been conducted in East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
since 1985. Bioaccumulation trends are examined over a twenty year period coinciding with major pollution abatement actions
by a Department of Energy facility at the stream’s headwaters. Although EFPC is enriched in many contaminants relative to
other local streams, only polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg) were found to accumulate in the edible portions
of fish to levels of human health concern. Mercury concentrations in redbreast sunfish were found to vary with season of collection,
sex and size of individual fish. Over the course of the monitoring, waterborne Hg concentrations were reduced >80%; however,
this did not translate into a comparable decrease in Hg bioaccumulation at most sites. Mercury bioaccumulation in fish did
respond to decreased inputs in the industrialized headwater reach, but paradoxically increased in the lowermost reach of EFPC.
As a result, the downstream pattern of Hg concentration in fish changed from one resembling dilution of a headwater point
source in the 1980s to a uniform distribution in the 2000s. The reason for this remains unknown, but is hypothesized to involve
changes in the chemical form and reactivity of waterborne Hg associated with the removal of residual chlorine and the addition
of suspended particulates to the streamflow. PCB concentrations in fish varied greatly from year-to-year, but always exhibited
a pronounced downstream decrease, and appeared to respond to management practices that limited episodic inputs from legacy
sources within the facility. 相似文献
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Kinetic of carbonaceous substrate in an upflow anaerobic sludge sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating 2,4 dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating 2,4 dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP) was evaluated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) using synthetic wastewater in order to obtain the growth substrate (glucose-COD) and 2,4 DCP removal kinetics. Treatment efficiencies of the UASB reactor were investigated at different hydraulic retention times (2-20 h) corresponding to a food to mass (F/M) ratio of 1.2-1.92 g-COD g(-1) VSS day(-1). A total of 65-83% COD removal efficiencies were obtained at HRTs of 2-20 h. In all, 83% and 99% 2,4 DCP removals were achieved at the same HRTs in the UASB reactor. Conventional Monod, Grau Second-order and Modified Stover-Kincannon models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetics of the UASB reactor. The experimental data obtained from the kinetic models showed that the Monod kinetic model is more appropriate for correlating the substrate removals compared to the other models for the UASB reactor. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) (mg-COD mg(-1) SS day(-1)), half-velocity concentration (K(s)) (mg COD l(-1)), growth yield coefficient (Y) (mg mg(-1)) and bacterial decay coefficient (b) (day(-1)) were 0.954 mg-COD mg(-1) SS day(-1), 560.29 mg-COD l(-1), 0.78 mg-SS g(-1)-COD, 0.093 day(-1) in the Conventional Monod kinetic model. The second-order kinetic coefficient (k(2)) was calculated as 0.26 day(-1) in the Grau reaction kinetic model. The maximum COD removal rate constant (U(max)) and saturation value (K(B)) were calculated as 7.502 mg CODl(-1)day(-1) and 34.56 mg l(-1)day(-1) in the Modified Stover-Kincannon Model. The (k)(mg-2,4 DCP mg(-1) SS day(-1)), (K(s)) (mg 2,4 DCPl(-1)), (Y) (mg SS mg(-1) 2,4 DCP) and (k(d)) (day(-1)) were 0.0041 mg-2,4 DCP mg(-1) SS day(-1), 2.06 mg-COD l(-1), 0.0017 mg-SS mg(-1) 2,4 DCP and 3.1 x 10(-5) day(-1) in the Conventional Monod kinetic model for 2,4 DCP degradation. The second-order kinetic coefficient (k(2)) was calculated as 0.30 day(-1) in the Grau reaction kinetic model. The maximum 2,4 DCP removal rate constant (U(max)) and saturation value (K(B)) were calculated as 0.01 mg COD l(-1) day(-1) and 9.8 x 10(-3) mg l(-1) day(-1) in the Modified Stover-Kincannon model. 相似文献
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Maria Teresa García Gema Duque Ignacio Gracia Antonio de Lucas Juan F. Rodríguez 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):2-5
The amount of extruded polystyrene (XPS) waste has increased in recent years due to the increase of its use in the thermal
insulation of buildings, transport vehicles, and refrigerators, among others. Dissolution with suitable solvents to achieve
a volume reduction of more than 100 times without degradation of polymer chains is one of the cheapest and most efficient
methods of recycling XPS. Several environmentally friendly solvents have been tested as dissolution agents for XPS volume
reduction; the action of these solvents does not produce any degradation of polymer chains. The solubility of the polymer
in such solvents at different temperatures was investigated. The solvent can be easily recycled by distillation, obtaining
a high-quality recycled polymer.
Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6 相似文献
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