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Diauddin R Nammari Marcia Marques Lars Th?rneby William Hogland Lennart Mathiasson 《Waste management & research》2007,25(1):39-48
This paper presents a methodological approach for the study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, emitted during storage of municipal solid waste in bales. Determination of VOCs was based on sampling with adsorbent tubes followed by automated analysis using on-line work-up with a thermal desorption unit directly connected to a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Using calculation algorithms and multidimensional statistical analysis of large amounts of data collected, the information was compressed and visualized. The approach was applied to initial measurements of emissions of VOCs from 24 bales composed of municipal solid waste, each bale stored in a wooden box. These bales were produced using the two types of baling equipment available, resulting in cylindrical or rectangular bales, with different densities. Hundreds of different VOCs emitted from these bales sorted out into groups with different chemical structure. Differences in VOC concentrations in air were found between wastes stored in cylindrical or rectangular bales. For instance, it was found that the concentration of VOCs (relative to the concentration of toluene), in the first experiment after storing, for cylindrical bales with six layers of LDPE was 115 +/- 10 microg m(-3), while for rectangular bales it was only 64 +/- 8 microg m(-3). The procedure used for data interpretation suggested different degradation mechanisms in different types of bales. The use of multiple data interfaces, multidimensional statistics and automated chemical analysis methods are likely to be more and more common for waste companies and waste research in the near future. This is due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject that relies heavily on various areas of science and information technology. 相似文献
335.
In connection with law-imposed waste disposal regulations concerning the modernisation of the incineration ?Munich-North“, local authorities and residents raised objections. Based on an immission calculation using a numerical model concerning the impact of PCDD/PCDF on the soil (study I), conclusions were drawn that the former immissions were so high that further impact on the soil by a new combustion plant was no longer tolerable. The results of study I were controlled using a different numerical model calculation (study II). The simulation results varied vastly because of the differences in preliminary input parameters. In order to verify the simulations, soil samples were taken and the content of PCDD/PCDF was determined. Predicted soil-contents of study II were in the same range as the analyzed samples, whereas the values of study I were higher. With one exception, the soil contents were less than 5 ng TEQ-BGA kg?1 mT, a value below the BGA limits. Calculations by numerical modelling, compared to the measurement of PCDD/PCDF soil contents, are therefore no reliable basis for predicting PCDD/PCDF concentrations in soils which has been induced by incineration emission. 相似文献
336.
Sabine Grootenboer-Mignot Aurore Crétien Ingrid Laurendeau Marie-Hélène Poissonnier Valérie Doireau Yves Brossard Gil Tchernia Thérèse Cynober Jean Delaunay 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(5):380-384
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS) is a rare congenital hemolytic anemia mapping to 16q23–q24. We showed recently that it is part of a pleiotropic syndrome likely to display pseudohyperkalemia and/or different forms of fetal and placental fluid collections. Here, we report a woman with DHS. She had two consecutive pregnancies associated with severe fetal hydrops. Hydrops would probably have been lethal in the absence of appropriate removal of ascites and excess amniotic fluid. In utero exchange transfusion, performed once, was useless, because anemia was not pronounced enough to be the cause of the hydrops. In both newborns, ascites resolved within a week following birth and never recurred. The association of hydrops and hemolytic anemia suggests the possibility of DHS. Symptomatic treatment of the hydrops assists survival until spontaneous resorption occurs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
337.
Gilles Morin Jean Gekas Philippe Naepels Jean Gondry Bernard Devauchelle Sylvie Testelin Henri Sevestre François Thépôt Michèle Mathieu 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(10):890-893
Ultrasonography in a female fetus revealed cystic cervical hygroma, severe micrognathia, and vertebral and upper limb anomalies suggestive of cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) which was diagnosed ultrasonographically at 16 weeks' gestation. The father is affected and presents with a Pierre Robin sequence, short stature and typical costovertebral anomalies. CCMS is a rare and severe disorder. The high frequency of sporadic cases, vertical transmission, and the excess of sibs affected via horizontal transmission suggest dominant autosomal mutation with possible germinal mosaicism. The vertical familial case detailed in the present report is a reminder of the high risk when one parent or one sibling is affected and the extreme variability of phenotype and costal ossification. Early prenatal ultrasound diagnosis is possible in a severely affected fetus. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Thöni L Brang P Braun S Seitler E Rihm B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,98(1-3):93-107
Gaseous ammonia (NH3) is an important form of N deposition to ecosystems, but it is not being routinely monitored in Switzerland. Therefore, a study was conducted to estimate annual means and seasonal patterns of NH3 concentrations for different site types in Switzerland, and to compare annual measured and modelled NH3 concentrations. NH3 concentrations were measured using the 'Zürcher' passive sampler, a Palmes type sampler with an acidic solution as absorbent. Twenty-four sampling sites were run for one year, and 17 for two years. The samplers were changed fortnightly or monthly. Spatial emission patterns were mapped by combining information on (1) the location of emission sources, (2) national statistics on NH3-emitting activities and (3) activity-specific emission factors. The spatial resolution was one hectare. The mean annual NH3 concentration in the ambient air of the 41 sites was 2.5+/-0.3 microg m(-3) (mean+/-standard error). It ranged from 0.4 to 7.5 microg m(-3). The site type and the season were the most important factors explaining the variation in the seasonal mean concentration. NH3 concentrations were highest in intensively used agricultural areas and in cities, and lowest in Alpine sites remote from emission sources. At 39 out of 41 sites, the NH3 concentrations were higher in summer (3.1+/-0.3 microg m(-3)) than in winter (2.0+/-0.3 microg m(-3)). Modelled NH3 concentrations did not systematically deviate from measured concentrations (r2 = 0.69). With the combined monitoring and modelling approach, it is now possible to obtain a reasonable and consolidated picture of the overall NH3 situation in Switzerland. 相似文献
340.
Roose P Van Thuyne G Belpaire C Raemaekers M Brinkman UA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(6):876-884
Twenty freshwater eels caught in Flanders (Belgium) were analysed by GC-MS for a total of 52 VOCs. The most prominent VOCs are the BTEX and a number of chlorinated compounds such as chloroform and tetrachloroethene. The observed concentrations which, typically, were in the low ng/g wet weight range, could be linked to the major emission sources and the present study gives new evidence that combustion of fossil fuels is a major source of BTEX in the environment. The concentration levels in eels seem to be a reflection of the actual concentrations in their environment. For eels from the same location similar patterns and concentrations were observed, and the concentrations agree with what can be expected from those of the water column. Generally speaking, the observed concentrations do not seem to pose a threat for organisms. More definite statements will, however, require a larger dataset. The study suggests that the yellow eel can possibly be used as a biomonitor or sentinel organism for VOCs. 相似文献