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排序方式: 共有385条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
Elisabetta Suffredini Yolande Thérèse Rose Proroga Simona Di Pasquale Orlandina Di Maro Maria Losardo Loredana Cozzi Federico Capuano Dario De Medici 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(4):423-433
The aim of this study was to assess the trend of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a coastal zone impacted by a contamination event, providing data for the development of management strategies. A total of 352 samples, including four bivalve mollusc species (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Solen vagina, Venus gallina and Donax trunculus), were taken over a period of 6 months from 27 production areas of the coast and analysis were performed according to ISO/TS 15216-1:2013. HAV presence was detected in 77 samples from 11 production areas and all positive results were related to samples collected in the first 3 months of the surveillance, during which HAV prevalence was 39.9% and values as high as 5096 genome copies/g were detected. A progressive reduction of viral contamination was evident during the first trimester of the monitoring, with prevalence decreasing from 78.8% in the first month, to 37.8% in the second and 3.9% in the third and quantitative levels reduced from an average value of 672 genome copies/g to 255 genome copies/g over a period of 4 weeks (virus half-life: 21.5 days). A regression analysis showed that, during the decreasing phase of the contamination, the data fitted a reciprocal quadratic model (Ra2 = 0.921) and, based on the model, a residual presence of HAV could be estimated after negativization of the production areas. The statistical analysis of the results per shellfish species and per production area showed that there were limited differences in contamination prevalence and levels among diverse bivalve species, while a statistically significant difference was present in quantitative levels of one production area. These data could be useful for the development of both risk assessment models and code of practice for the management of viral contamination in primary production. 相似文献
142.
Cheimonopoulou MT Bobori DC Theocharopoulos I Lazaridou M 《Environmental management》2011,47(2):279-290
Biological elements, such as benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, have been used in assessing the ecological quality of rivers
according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. However, the concurrent use of multiple organism groups provides
a broader perspective for such evaluations, since each biological element may respond differently to certain environmental
variables. In the present study, we assessed the ecological quality of a Greek river (RM4 type), during autumn 2003 and spring
2004 at 10 sites, with benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. Hydromorphological and physicochemical parameters, habitat structure,
and riparian vegetation were also considered. Pollution sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa were more abundant at headwaters,
which had good/excellent water quality according to the Hellenic Evaluation System (HES). The main river reaches possessed
moderate water quality, while downstream sites were mainly characterised as having bad or poor water quality, dominated by
pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrate taxa. Macroinvertebrates related strongly to local stressors as chemical degradation
(ordination analysis CCA) and riparian quality impairment (bivariate analysis) while fish did not. Fish were absent from the
severely impacted lower river reaches. Furthermore, external pathological signs were observed in fish caught at certain sites.
A combined use of both macroinvertebrates and fish in biomonitoring programs is proposed for providing a safer assessment
of local and regional habitat impairment. 相似文献
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144.
Experiments were carried out in order to obtain information on the uptake characteristics of metals in the algal and fungal components of lichens. The uptake of 115Cd, 65Zn, 64Cu, 140La, 187W and 76As in the alga Scenedesmus pannonicus, subsp. Berlin and the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was determined at pH 7 and 5 respectively, in 4 h experiments varying with respect to temperature and Ca2+ solution concentrations. Furthermore, the effects of pre-rinsing the cell suspensions on metal uptake were investigated.Pre-rinsing resulted in decreased uptake of W and As by algae and in increased uptake of all elements measured by fungi, which may be attributed to combined effects of starvation and changing densities.For algae, the uptake rates of As, W, Zn and Cd were markedly increased at the highest temperature employed. For Cu and La hardly any effects of temperature were observed, indicating the absence of metabolically controlled uptake. For fungi, but for As no relation of uptake with temperature could be determined.The presence of Ca2+ ions in the solution applied hardly affected the uptake of As but resulted in increased uptake of W by both the algae and the fungi. The effects of Ca2+ on the uptake of Cu and La were relatively small, probably due to specific binding sites in the cell walls for Cu and to the supercalcium status of the La-ion.The presence of Ca2+ caused decreased uptake of Cd2+ and Zn2+ by algae, but hardly affected the uptake of Zn2+ by fungi.The results indicate component-specific uptake and accumulation behaviour in intact lichens. 相似文献
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149.
Julien Thébault Laurent Chauvaud Jacques Clavier Renaud Fichez Eric Morize 《Marine Biology》2006,149(2):257-267
The periodicity of striae formation in the tropical scallop Comptopallium radula (Indo-West Pacific Ocean) was investigated with an in situ marking technique, using the calcein fluorochrome. To minimize scallop stress caused by excessive handling, in situ benthic chambers were used for marking experiments. Once marked, scallops (shell height range: 38.4–75.8 mm) remained on site in a large benthic enclosure and were collected at regular time intervals to count new striae formed after marking, over a period of 3 months. A 3-h exposure period with calcein (150 mg l−1) was sufficiently long to create a detectable mark in nearly all shells. It was, however, impossible to count the striae in 48.2% of the shells (mainly large specimens) because of a very small growth after marking. Lack of significant mortality during the experiments indicated that tested calcein concentrations were not lethal. A decrease in shell growth rate was observed after marking but the respective impacts of calcein toxicity and changes in environmental conditions could not be discriminated. Our results suggest that in situ calcein marking inside benthic chambers is suitable for shell growth studies of scallops, provided the latter are not too old. After marking, the juvenile C. radula formed an average of one stria every 2.1 days in summer. Reports of 2-day periodicity in biological rhythms are rare. Striae formation in C. radula may be controlled by an endogenous oscillator, synchronized by an environmental cue acting as a zeitgeber, such as seawater temperature or sea level pressure, both of which exhibit 2-day variations in the Pacific Ocean. As in many other scallop species, C. radula forms striae periodically under natural conditions, but this study shows that in pectinid juveniles, this periodicity can deviate from a daily cycle. These results suggest that C. radula shells have tremendous potential for recording environmental conditions during periods ranging from months to a few years and with a resolution of 2 days. 相似文献
150.
采用批式实验,通过分析液相性质和产气过程,比较了生活垃圾中2 类主要的生物质组分(食物类废物和纤维类废物)及其不同含量在厌氧降解时甲烷生成过程的差异.结果表明,食物类废物累积产甲烷量远高于纤维类废物,其有机物的快速水解酸化,为快速产甲烷化提供了必要的底物.纤维类废物产甲烷速率相对较低,水解是其厌氧产甲烷化过程的控制步骤.生活垃圾的产甲烷量可以根据食物类废物和纤维类废物的比例推算而得,食物类废物含量越高,其累积产甲烷量越大.采用厌氧消化工艺有利于含食物类废物量高的垃圾的能量回收,而因食物类废物快速水解导致的液相挥发性有机酸积累是该工艺必须解决的关键性技术问题. 相似文献