施肥对小白菜产量和品质的影响

为研究安全的蔬菜施肥技术，通过不同质地土壤的田间试验，研究不同氮、钾质量配比对小白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明，在固定施磷水平的基础上，在不同质地的土壤上，小白菜对氮、钾质量配比有不同的效应，氮、钾合理配施可使蔬菜高产优质；所施氮的形态，对小白菜硝酸盐含量有显著的影响。     

广东省生物肥料的现状与发展前景

广东省生物肥料的生产和应用从20世纪50年代开始，至今已经历了三大阶段。目前其产量呈现上升的趋势。文章在阐述目前广东省6种生物肥料的主要特性，生产情况及施用效果的基础上，指出广东省生物肥料生产存在的主要问题，并预测了生物肥料生产的发展前景。     

放牧干扰后自然恢复沙质草地大型土壤动物功能群变化特征

通过调查科尔沁沙质退化草地不同强度放牧干扰（重度放牧,HGR;适度放牧,MGR）后自然恢复草地中大型土壤动物群落特征,分析了放牧干扰对大型土壤动物功能群的长期影响。结果共获得大型土壤动物1门2纲8目32个类群,优势类群为象甲科（鞘翅目）和蚁科（膜翅目）2类,共占捕获量的41．54％。大型土壤动物功能群包括植食性、肉食性和杂食性3类,分别具有16、15和1个类群,其个体数分别占总捕获数的64．08％、32．39％和3．52％。HGR有23个动物类群,分属于3个功能群;MGR有19个类群,但只有2个功能群（无杂食性）。HGR大型土壤动物个体数、类群数和多样性指数均略高于MGR,但HGR和MGR间无显著差异性（P〉0．05）。植食性和肉食性土壤动物个体数占总个体数比例HGR均略低于MGR,但植食性动物和肉食性动物个体数间的比例较稳定。与中度放牧干扰产生的影响相比,重度放牧干扰对大型土壤动物群落（包括功能群特征）产生的长期影响更为明显。重度放牧后沙质草地自然恢复过程中大型土壤动物群落的营养结构变得更为复杂,但12年恢复时间对大型土壤动物群落结构恢复的影响有限。     

土壤微生物生物量及多样性测定方法评述

土壤微生物作为土壤中重要的分解者,在养分的循环与转化中起着重要的作用。另外,由于其与土壤理化性质相比,对外界环境的变化更为敏感,因此,土壤微生物性质常被用作表征土壤质量的灵敏性指标,而土壤微生物生物量与微生物多样性是土壤微生物学研究中应用最广泛的指标。土壤环境复杂,微生物种类丰富多样,需要合适的研究方法才能真正打开土壤系统这个黑箱,自19世纪60年代以后,土壤微生物学在研究方法上取得了重要的进展,本文综述了微生物生物量及多样性的概念及微生物生物量和多样性研究方法的发展状况,重点就已有应用比较多的研究方法如测定微生物生物量的熏蒸法,测定微生物多样性的平板计数法、Biolog微平板计数法、磷脂脂肪酸法及分子生物学等研究方法进行了详细介绍及优缺点分析。结合现有微生物生物量及多样性的测定方法,在未来的研究中,一方面应该引入更多的新技术,发展新方法,以期探索更多的未知微生物种群;其次应该根据实验要求,完善和改进现有研究方法,使其更为统一和准确;再者,在微生物数据的分析上应该探索和借鉴更多的分析方法和手段,从而更深入更全面的解读实验当中所得到的微生物的信息。     

三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应

研究三丁基氯化锡(TBT)对中国近海常见5种硅藻和甲藻(硅藻中丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、派格棍形藻(Bacilaria paxillifera)、聚生角毛藻(Chaetoceros socialis),甲藻中微型原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、简裸甲藻(Gymnodinium simplex))的毒性效应,考察了有机锡对浮游藻光合活性(Fv/Fm)、粒径、生长的影响。结果表明:派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻的光合活性(Fv/Fm)受TBT影响较显著;微型原甲藻、丹麦细柱藻的光合活性受TBT影响较小。高质量浓度TBT胁迫下海洋微藻峰值粒径显著减小,低质量浓度TBT对峰值粒径影响不显著。低质量浓度TBT对派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻、微型原甲藻均有较强的毒性作用,非检测毒性浓度(NDEC)分别为1.17、1.07、0.23、3.73μg.L-1,丹麦细柱藻对TBT具有很强耐受性,NDEC为112.62μg.L-1。     

利用数字地震波资料研究新疆天山中东段地区的介质衰减特征

利用新疆数字地震台网记录的155条地震波形资料,根据S波记录得到观测振幅谱,采用遗传算法联合反演的方法研究了新疆天山中东段地区(乌鲁木齐—乌苏—库尔勒地区)的几何衰减模型、介质非弹性衰减模型。结果表明:在500 km震源距范围内,研究区地震波的几何衰减满足三段衰减模型;研究区非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为:Q(f)=344f~(0.55)。本研究为今后在该研究区利用数字地震观测资料开展震源谱的恢复和强地面运动的模拟等地震学、工程地震学研究奠定了基础。     

混合溶剂解吸土壤中多环芳烃的研究

对比了水溶性有机溶剂乙醇、正丙醇、丙酮、已戊醇和水对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的解吸效果,结果综合实验效果、安全性和经济等因素,主要采用了乙醇和戊醇作为混合试剂的主要成分。对比了乙醇、戊醇和水不同配比的混合试剂对土壤的解吸效果,最终选用混合试剂(5%戊醇+20%水+75%乙醇)研究污染土壤中PAHs的解吸行为,分别进行了解吸动力实验、分阶段解吸实验和pH值影响实验。结果表明,土壤中PAHs的解吸是一个快速反应,5h基本达到解吸平衡,高环物质(4～6环PAHs)比低环物质(2～3环PAHs)的解吸速率慢。分步解吸率表明,随着环数的增加,第一步解吸率逐渐降低,第二、三步的解吸率则逐渐增大,第二、三步的解吸作用对高环PAHs更为明显。pH值对混合溶剂解吸土壤中PAHs有显著影响,pH值在5 5～7之间时,对土壤中PAHs的解吸影响最明显,碱性环境(pH>7)有利于土壤中PAHs的解吸,酸性环境则不利于解吸实验的进行。     

Potential health risks of toxic heavy metals and nitrate via commonly consumed bivalve and vegetable species in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to evaluate the health risks of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), inorganic arsenic (As), and nitrate exposure through the consumption of...     

Dietary exposure to dioxin-like compounds in three age groups: results from the Flemish environment and health study

Lipophilic contaminants are present in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain. Therefore, their intake via animal fat of various sources was assessed for three age groups of the Flemish population, participating in a large biomonitoring program of the Flemish government. In total, 1636 adolescents (14-15 years), 1186 mothers (18-44 years), and 1586 adults (50-65 years) participated in the study and completed a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Individual consumption data were combined, via a so-called simple distribution approach, with recent data on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, measured via the chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) bio-assay in food items available on the Flemish market. The median (95th percentile) estimated intakes of dioxin-like contaminants were 2.24 (4.61), 2.09 (4.26), and 1.74 (3.53) pg CALUX-TEQ kg(-1) bw d(-1) for, respectively adolescents, mothers and adults. These data are in the same range as those found in other European studies. The CALUX-TEQ results of respectively 59.8%, 53.7% and 36.2% of the adolescent, mother and adult population exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) bw w(-1), as derived by the Scientific Committee on Food [Scientific Committee on Food, 2001. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCBs in Food, CS/CNTM/DIOXIN/20 final Brussels, Belgium]. The main contributors of dioxin-like substances are fish and seafood (25-43% of the total intake), added fats (22-25% of the total intake) and dairy products (17-20% of the total intake).     

Energy Choices and Public Policy

The subject of energy choices and public policy is one that has interested me at a professional level. The outlook for energy supply for Americans is uncertain. Will the OPEC crank the per barrel price of world oil up again this fall by three or four dollars? We don’t know. Will the cost of finding and developing new domestic oil reserves continue to rise, and will the domestic production continue to fall as it has been doing since 1970? We don’t know. Would regulating the price of old oil and natural gas entering into interstate commerce bring forth significantly increased supplies? We don’t know. The chances for reducing oil consumption—or at least checking the rate of increase—are equally uncertain. Will still higher prices, brought on by whatever means, cause people and industries to use less oil? We don’t know. Will demand shift away from oil and natural gas to cheaper, more plentiful energy sources? We don’t know. Will penalties, taxes, or exhortations get the motor vehicle industry to produce more gasoline efficient cars and trucks? We don’t know. We may not even get a chance to try. Will new, less energy intensive lifestyles take over? We don’t know.