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691.
CHEN Bing KITAGAWA Hiroyuki HU Ke JIE Dongmei YANG Junpeng LI Jingmin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1363-1370
Recent observations of Asian dust storms show an eastern expansion of the source area to degraded lands, where dust emissions have been little studied. The dust concentrations over the saline land of the western Songnen Plain (SSL), Northeastern China, are circumstantially higher than those from the northwestern Chinese deserts. These concentrations are sensitive to the surface soil conditions and wind velocity on the ground. The dust samples collected during dust storm events on the SSL contain abundant Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Ti, as well as toxic elements such as Cu, V, Zn and Ba. Individual particle analysis reveals that fine saline particles (< 10 μm in diameter) on the saline land, consisting largely of carbonate, halite and sulfate together with lithogenic minerals such as SiO2 and aluminosilicate, are eventually uplifted during the interval from spring to autumn. The predominantly fine saline particles uplifted from the SSL are likely transported eastward by the winter monsoon circulation and westerlies. Recent degradation of saline lands in Northeastern China would not only increase the frequency of dust storm events in the downwind area, but also might change the chemical composition of the Asian dust emissions. 相似文献
692.
693.
A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4
+-N
removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus
subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4
+-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine
the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up
state during the first week. NH4
+-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between
84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical
nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different
experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L,
the NH4
+-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4
+-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may
cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that
the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4
+-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for
inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage. 相似文献
694.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic
waste recycling area in southeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xiaofei Qin Zhanfen Qin Yan Li Yaxian Zhao Xijuan Xi Shishuai Yan Mi Tian Xingru Zhao Xiaobai Xu Yongjian Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):133-138
The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste)
recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated.
The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5
ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than
those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of
PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%–
94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial
PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in
terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens
and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was
one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s. 相似文献
695.
Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained. 相似文献
696.
697.
国Ⅲ柴油公交车尾气排放实际道路测试研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用车载式尾气排放测试设备对北京国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油公交车在实际道路上的尾气排放特征进行了实测研究,测试时间为10 552 s,行驶里程达到61.97 km,共获得10 552组有效数据,测试数据能够反映车辆在实际道路上的排放特征。车辆在实际道路上尾气排放NOx、CO、THC和PM的排放因子分别为14.12±2.54g/km、8.04±2.51 g/km、0.158±0.022 g/km和3.16±1.73 g/km。研究结果表明,油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高的排放速率。车速小于10 km/h时排放因子远大于车速较快时的排放因子,车辆在加速时的排放因子最大,减速时最小。车辆在30 km/h~50 km/h速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好。测试车辆排放的颗粒形态主要集中在累积模式,属于纳米或超细微粒。 相似文献
698.
沙层应变观测是一个全新的前兆观测,目前对它的研究还非常少,用淮安台、怀来台及合肥台的数据进行了对比,通过日变化特征、长期变化特征、年变化特征、干扰因素及噪声分析几个方面,从而对该观测手段进行更进一步的分析。 相似文献
699.
洋山深水港海域水环境的周年变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
洋山深水港是上海国际航运中心的枢纽港,港口建设及外来船舶增加将对洋山深水港海域的水环境产生重要影响,因此,有必要对洋山深水港海域的水环境特征进行调研.2008年对洋山深水港海域的水环境因子进行了周年的调查研究.方差分析结果表明,洋山深水港海域表层水温、溶解氧、pH、盐度、电导率及悬浮物含量均存在明显的季节性变化(p < 0.01),季风和海流在洋山深水港海域水环境变化中具有重要的作用.相关分析结果显示,悬浮物含量与盐度之间没有显著相关性,长江口外泄泥沙的直接扩散,对洋山海区水体含沙量的影响较小,洋山深水港海域含沙量的大小,主要取决于波浪、潮汐及海流对当地浅滩的掀扬及输送. 相似文献
700.
通过测定两种气氛下(氮气和二氧化碳)的催化热解(HZSM-5为催化剂)的产率,并利用气质联用仪(GC/MS)分析热解油的成分,研究这两种热解气氛对快速催化热解生物质(玉米杆)的产率和液体产物的影响差异。结果表明:改变热解气氛对结果产生明显影响,CO2气氛对催化热解不利,该气氛下的固液气产率分别为30.30%,37.89%,31.81%,CO2促使快速催化热解的液体产量降低,促进水相产物的生成。对催化热解油的分析发现CO2气氛抑制了HZSM-5的去氧和芳香化催化作用,同时促进稠环芳烃的生成,使产物结构复杂化。 相似文献