染料结晶紫降解菌分离及其特性研究

从印染废水中筛选分离得到结晶紫(CV)降解菌株H,并对其脱色条件和机理进行了研究.结果表明,在外加生长基质条件下,菌株H不仅对CV降解脱色而且能降解中间产物.在pH 7.0、35℃、摇床转速180 r/min条件下,菌株H有最佳的脱色效果.对于20 mg/L CV溶液,生长细胞降解0.5 h,脱色率可达95%.休眠细胞对CV的降解规律也进行了对比探讨.菌株H对CV脱色过程遵循一级动力学方程,脱色速率常数k随CV浓度升高而降低,生长细胞的k值约为休眠细胞的6～7倍.     

Effect of long-term application of biosolids for land reclamation on surface water chemistry

Biosolids are known to have a potential to restore degraded land, but the long-term impacts of this practice on the environment, including water quality, still need to be evaluated. The surface water chemistry (NO3-, NH4+, and total P, Cd, Cu, and Hg) was monitored for 31 yr from 1972 to 2002 in a 6000-ha watershed at Fulton County, Illinois, where the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago was restoring the productivity of strip-mined land using biosolids. The mean cumulative loading rates during the past 31 yr were 875 dry Mg ha(-1) for 1120-ha fields in the biosolids-amended watershed and 4.3 dry Mg ha(-1) for the 670-ha fields in the control watershed. Biosolids were injected into mine spoil fields as liquid fertilizer from 1972 to 1985, and incorporated as dewatered cake from 1980 to 1996 and air-dried solids from 1987 to 2002. The mean annual loadings of nutrients and trace elements from biosolids in 1 ha were 735 kg N, 530 kg P, 4.5 kg Cd, 30.7 kg Cu, and 0.11 kg Hg in the fields of the biosolids-amended watershed, and negligible in the fields of the control watershed. Sampling of surface water was conducted monthly in the 1970s, and three times per year in the 1980s and 1990s. The water samples were collected from 12 reservoirs and 2 creeks receiving drainage from the fields in the control watershed, and 8 reservoirs and 4 creeks associated with the fields in the biosolids-amended watershed for the analysis of NO3- -N (including NO2- N), NH4+-N, and total P, Cd, Cu, and Hg. Compared to the control (0.18 mg L(-1)), surface water NO3- -N in the biosolids-amended watershed (2.23 mg L(-1)) was consistently higher; however, it was still below the Illinois limit of 10 mg L(-1) for public and food-processing water supplies. Biosolids applications had a significant effect on mean concentrations of ammonium N (0.11 mg L(-1) for control and 0.24 mg L(-1) for biosolids) and total P (0.10 mg L(-1) for control and 0.16 mg L(-1) for biosolids) in surface water. Application of biosolids did not increase the concentrations of Cd and Hg in surface water. The elevation of Cu in surface water with biosolids application only occurred in some years of the first decade, when land-applied sludges contained high concentrations of trace metals, including Cu. In fact, following the promulgation of 40 CFR Part 503, the concentrations of all three metals fell below the method detection level (MDL) in surface water for nearly all samplings. Nitrate in the surface water tends to be higher in spring, and ammonium, total P, and total Hg in summer and fall. Mean nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus concentrations were found to be greater in creeks than reservoirs. The results indicate that application of biosolids for land reclamation at high loading rates from 1972 to 2002, with adequate runoff and soil erosion control, had only a minor impact on surface water quality.     

微波辐射在二氧化锰诱导下对六氯苯污染土壤的修复研究

以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中研究了微波辐射技术对六氯苯污染土壤的修复效果。分别以不同浓度的酸碱水溶液添加到土壤中,在模拟含水率为20%情况下,硫酸(50%)介质下六氯苯处理效果最好,10min的微波辐射即可使50mg/kg的六氯苯达到完全去除;但是在纯水和10mol/L氢氧化钠介质下,六氯苯基本上没有去除;随着硫酸浓度的降低,六氯苯的去除率显著降低。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析没有检测到新物质。六氯苯去除机理推测为,直接矿化或者HCB及其分解的中间产物同土壤发生化学结合而被固定起来,以致难以萃取出来。     

分子印迹技术在水环境抗生素富集中的应用进展

近年来,由于抗生素的大量使用,使得环境中抗生素的残留现象变得十分普遍.这些残留的抗生素通过多种途径进入到水环境中,会对人类健康以及水生生态系统造成危害.分子印迹技术(MIT)因其能选择性识别、有效富集和去除目标分析物,被广泛应用于水环境中抗生素的富集及检测.本文介绍了分子印迹技术的原理以及印迹聚合物的制备方法,并且总结...     

浮床栽培茭白的生物学特征及水质净化作用研究

通过水面浮床栽培实验研究了水培茭白(Zizania caduciflora)植株的生长,并与土栽茭白作了对比.结果表明,水培茭株高在201～250cm之间,根长在29～54cm之间,地上部分鲜重42～184.5g/单株,约占总重的70%～80%,水、土栽培茭白生物学特征无显著差异.水培茭白体内N含量较土栽茭白的高, N/P差别明显,P含量差别不大.水培茭白与其他水培植物相比具有较强的N、P吸收能力,直接吸收N、P量分别为240.20 kg/hm2·a和21.60 kg/hm2·a,是一种可用于富营养化水体水质净化的优良植物.     

神经网络用于卤代肉桂酸对羊角月牙藻毒性的预测研究

卤代肉桂酸因具有肉桂酸一样的抑菌、抗氧化和抗微生物活性作用,故被广泛应用于医药、化妆品和农药等生产行业.为了研究卤代肉桂酸对羊角月牙藻急性毒性与其分子结构之间的定量构效关系,基于分子拓扑理论,计算了14个卤代肉桂酸分子的4类分子结构参数,筛选了电性拓扑状态指数(E13)和电性距离矢量(M15)作为理论结构描述符,将其与...     

关于提高环境监测数据质量的对策研究

近些年以来,我国的经济增长速度非常快,经济发展取得了一定的成绩。不过严重的环境污染问题也随之而来。积极开展环境质量的监测工作,有利于带给相关环境监测技术人员更多的借鉴和帮助,增强环境监测与污染治理的效果。所以,不断提高环境监测数据的质量可谓十分关键。本文通过阐释了环境监测的概念及内涵,说明了常见的环境监测数据分析方法,同时制定出提高环境监测数据质量的合理对策,从而有效提升了环境监测数据信息的整体质量。     

中国石油污染源普查数据质量控制方法

污染源普查数据是污染源普查成败的重要决定因素和普查成果的主要体现。文章对中国石油在污染源普查过程中发现的数据质量问题进行分析,提出质量控制方法,通过开展技术培训和交流、建立四级联审体系、强化数据审核与质量核查、建章立制严格考核等方法进行全过程质量控制,确保了中国石油污染源普查数据质量达标,普查工作圆满完成。     

Cadmium and copper heavy metal treatment from water resources by high-performance folic acid-graphene oxide nanocomposite adsorbent and evaluation of adsorptive mechanism using computational intelligence,isotherm, kinetic,and thermodynamic analyses

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, folic acid–coated graphene oxide nanocomposite (FA-GO) is used as an adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metals including...     

Inversion of PM2.5 atmospheric refractivity profile based on AlexNet model from the perspective of electromagnetic wave propagation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Human civilization has reached an unprecedented height, but the industrialization of economic development also brings global warming, ozone depletion,...