开放体系下稻草-白腐菌对染料的吸附脱色与降解

在开放体系下,研究了稻草-白腐菌对孔雀绿和结晶紫的吸附脱色与降解.结果表明,稻草能有效地对孔雀绿和结晶紫进行吸附脱色,其中稻草用量、粒径和pH对稻草吸附染料有一定的影响,在合适条件下稻草对孔雀绿和结晶紫的最大吸附量分别可达到31.89、52.98mg/g;在吸附孔雀绿和结晶紫的稻草中接入白腐菌,发现开放体系下白腐菌能对两种染料进行降解,6d后,孔雀绿和结晶紫的脱色率分别达到93.67%和80.OO%;再生后的稻草基质对孔雀绿和结晶紫也有较好的吸附,最大再生率分别达到74.45%和43.34%.降解过程中白腐菌分泌酶的酶活力与染料及稻草基质降解没有直接的联系.     

UV/Fenton法预处理橡胶促进剂生产废水

采用UV/Fenton法对橡胶促进剂废水进行预处理.当原水COD约为3000 mg/L时,COD去除率可达65%以上,并得到最佳操作条件为:H2O2投加量为8 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.8 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;同时得到Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为10 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.966 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;单独UV作用的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间为20 min,pH=5;并就3种处理方法进行了比较,发现UV对Fenton试剂处理橡胶促进剂废水具有一定促进作用.反应前后的紫外光谱说明,经UV/Fenton或Fenton反应后原水中的苯胺、硝基苯等物质已得到了彻底的氧化分解.     

填埋结构对渗滤液中氨氮脱除的影响

建立了模拟填埋试验中试装置,研究了准好氧填埋渗滤液NH3-N的变化特性和稳定期垃圾对渗滤液NH3-N的处理效果.结果表明,准好氧填埋结构下渗滤液NH3-N衰减很快,下降率可达99.6%,没有出现传统填埋场累积的现象,为渗滤液后续处理解决了氨氮浓度过高的难题;随着水力负荷的增大,NH3-N的去除率呈下降趋势,去除率由低水力负荷时的99.9%,下降到高水力负荷时的87.7%;准好氧填埋垃圾对低可生化性、高浓度氨氮的渗滤液有很好的处理能力,但反硝化能力不足;较高有机物浓度有利于反硝化作用,使氨氮彻底转化为氮气.     

Dynamic chemical characteristics of soil solution after pig manure application: a column study

When manures from intensive livestock operations are applied to agricultural or vegetable fields at a high rate, large amounts of salts and metals will be introduced into soils. Using a column leaching experiment, this study assessed the leaching potential of the downward movement of Cu and Zn as well as some salt ions after an intensive farm pig manure at rates of 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) were applied to the top 20 cm of two different textured soils (G soil -sandy loam soil; H soil-silty clay loam soil), and investigated the growth of amaranth and Cu and Zn transfer from soil to amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor). Soil solutions were obtained at 20, 40 and 60 cm depth of the packed column and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and Cu and Zn concentrations. The results indicated that application of pig manure containing Cu and Zn to sandy loam soil might cause higher leaching and uptake risk than silty clay loam soil, especially at high application rates. And manure amendment at 5% and 10% significantly decreased the biomass of amaranth, in which the salt impact rather than Cu and Zn toxicity from manures played more important role in amaranth growth. Thus the farmer should avoid application the high rate of pig manure containing metal and salt to soil at a time, especially in sandy soil.     

活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究

考察4种方法（蒸气法、EDTA法、NaOH法和搅拌法）对3种活性污泥（可乐厌氧活性污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和市政污水污泥）胞外聚合物的提取效率,对比分析了各提取方法对不同样品提取所得胞外聚合物的组成影响,结果表明,EDTA法提取多糖的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物糖分别在8.3、16.7和9.7 mg/g VSS左右;NaOH提取蛋白质的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物蛋白质分别为：3.15、0.55和5.57 mg/g VSS.对于3种不同种类污泥,EDTA法提取EPS总量效率最高,分别为市政污水污泥10.7 mg/g VSS、可乐好氧活性污泥16.8 mg/g VSS和可乐厌氧活性污泥9.97 mg/g VSS,分别比效率最低的搅拌法高出5倍、5倍和3倍.     

UV／Fenton法处理酸性红B研究

采用UV／Fenton高级氧化技术对酸性红B模拟废水进行处理，当进水浓度为400mg／L时，确定了各影响因素的最佳投加量：H2O2投加量为2mL／L，Fe^2＋投加量为0．08g／L，最佳pH值为4；并采用一级动力学公式对酸性红B降解速率进行拟合，研究了反应条件对速率常数的影响。最后通过对单独UV法、单独Fenton法和UV／Fenton法3种处理方法效果的比较，发现UV与Fenton试剂具有协同作用。     

标准加入法测定特质土壤中微量SO_4~(2-)

介绍了用电导滴定标准加入法测定特质土壤中微量 SO2 - 4的方法 ,本法克服了其他方法在测定特质土壤中微量 SO2 - 4时存在的不足 ,具有简便快速、精密度好、检出限低的优点。     

Atmospheric HULIS and its ability to mediate the reactive oxygen species (ROS): A review

Atmospheric humic-like substances(HULIS) are not only an unresolved mixture of macroorganic compounds but also powerful chelating agents in atmospheric particulate matters(PMs); impacting on both the properties of aerosol particles and health effects by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS). Currently, the interests of HULIS are intensively shifting to the investigations of HULIS-metal synergic effects and kinetics modeling studies, as well as the development of HULIS quantification, findings of possible HULIS sources and generation of ROS from HULIS. In light of HULIS studies, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of isolation and physicochemical characterization of HULIS from atmospheric samples as well as HULIS properties(hygroscopic, surface activity, and colloidal) and possible sources of HULIS.This review mainly highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from PMs, HULIS and transition metals, especially iron. This review also summarized the mechanism of ironorganic complexation and recent findings of OH formation from HULIS-metal complexes. This review will be helpful to carry out the modeling studies that concern with HULIS-transition metals and for further studies in the generation of ROS from HULIS-metal complexes.     

循环经济发展中的政府作用探讨——基于"经济人"视角的分析

市场经济条件下,经济主体追求个人利益最大化的行为能否促进循环经济的发展,其关键在于如何制定一种合理的制度对其行为加以规范和引导.作为制度性公共物品的供给者,政府必将成为循环经济发展的第一推动力.在从传统经济向循环经济转轨的变革中,由于政府"经济人"行为的客观存在,它具有了变革的主客体的双重身份.政府应通过合理的制度创新,增强自身和其他经济主体的内在动力,以推动循环经济的快速发展.     

稻虾共作快速发展背景下潜江耕地时空变化特征分析

虾稻共作综合种养模式近年来在长江中下游地区快速发展,探索虾稻共作对农业土地利用的影响,对于科学调控虾稻田发展、确保粮食和生态双安全具有重要意义。该研究以虾稻共作模式发源地——湖北潜江市为研究区域,利用空间分析和破碎度指数方法,分析虾稻共作模式快速推广下潜江市农业土地利用时空格局变化。结果表明：（1）近20年来,耕地时空格局变化过程是以园林办事处（主城区）为中心的建设用地向西至广华镇、南至杨市镇不断扩张,耕地转为新增建设用地达28.64 km2,约18.59 km2耕地转换为水域;（2）耕地格局呈现破碎化,主要由城市发展过程中建设用地扩张占用耕地,以及虾稻田快速发展后造成;（3）虾稻田主要由水田转换而来,部分旱地及水域也转换为虾稻田。虾稻田的不断扩张,特别是旱地和水域转换为虾稻田,一定程度上带来耕地破碎化。因此,在我国农业劳动力不足、农民收入不高和种地积极性不强等因素下,未来虾稻田种植模式对耕地利用具有较好的潜力和空间,但也需要重点关注虾稻共作模式的可持续发展,重点基于水田发展虾稻田种养模式。