臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺SBR段污泥和上清液的性质影响

研究了臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺中SBR段污泥性质和上清液的影响.结果表明,当臭氧投加量为0～0.349 g O3/g MLSS时,随着施加臭氧浓度的不断增加,MLSS、MLVSS和污泥的生物活性明显降低,但污泥的沉淀性却增强了.污泥上清液中,TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P和多糖浓度均随着臭氧投加...     

卷式超滤膜在蓝藻收集中的应用

利用微孔滤布-卷式超滤膜组合工艺,构建蓝藻收集中试系统,用于处理高藻期富营养化水体。考察了高藻期该工艺的蓝藻收集效率、膜通量变化及膜污染状况。结果表明,该组合工艺在进水泵频率40 Hz,进水压力0.2 MPa的条件下,定期排蓝藻浓缩液实验和蓝藻连续浓缩实验的蓝藻截留率均能达到95%以上;6 d后定期排蓝藻浓缩液实验最低...     

膜生物反应器中运行参数对污泥胞外聚合物的影响

研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)中曝气强度、有机负荷和污泥停留时间(SRT)与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)变化的关系。实验结果表明,随着气水比由20增加至40,污泥EPS逐渐下降。当气水比＞35之后,EPS趋于稳定。随着有机负荷由0.129 kg COD/kg VSS·d减小至0.016 kg COD/kg VSS·d,附着型...     

间歇曝气条件下短程硝化的实现及影响因素研究

研究间歇曝气条件下短程硝化的实现及温度、pH值和DO对实验效果的影响。以城市生活污水为研究对象,采用间歇曝气方式进行短程硝化实验,利用接种法培养驯化亚硝化细菌。实验研究结果表明,经过22 d的培养驯化,成功获得了亚硝化细菌,亚硝酸盐的积累率达到90％左右。在温度为25℃、pH为7.5、DO＜1 mg/L的条件下,亚硝酸...     

粉煤灰合成NaX型分子筛的表征及其对Fe2+离子的吸附研究

以高温碱熔融处理粉煤灰合成了NaX型沸石分子筛,考察了不同水热晶化温度对产物结果的影响,用粉末XRD、XRF、SEM和FT-IR等手段对产品进行了表征,结果表明,以粉煤灰为原料用水热合成法合成微孔分子筛时,在晶化温度为90℃时能得到晶形较好的NaX型分子筛。同时考察了NaX分子筛的用量、时间和pH值等因素对Fe2+离子...     

共存杂质对磷酸铵镁结晶法回收磷的影响研究

研究用磷酸铵镁（MAP）结晶法去除、回收废水中的磷,分析含磷废水中各类共存杂质对MAP法去除、回收磷的影响。结果表明,废水中无机钙离子的存在可提高磷的去除率,而大分子有机物杂质的存在会使磷的去除率显著降低,小分子有机物对磷的去除基本无影响。在反应体系中引入外来晶种烟煤、石英砂和铁屑可显著提高低浓度含磷废水磷的去除效率,其中娴煤作为晶种的效果最明显。     

The important role of microwave receptors in bio-fuel production by microwave-induced pyrolysis of sewage sludge

Microwave receptor plays an important role in the microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge in view of its significant influence on the yield and property of bio-fuel products. The yield and the chemical compositions of bio-fuels (gases and oils) obtained from sewage sludge mixed with different receptors (graphite, residue char, active carbon or silicon carbide) were investigated in this study by Gas Chromatography (GC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the use of silicon carbide gave rise to the highest final temperature of 1130 °C, resulting in the highest yield of gas fraction (up to 63.2 wt.%). The low heating rate (200 °C/min) which was attributed to the addition of residue char promoted condensation reactions and resulted in an increase in solid yield. The existence of active carbon could prolong the resistance time of volatiles in the hot zone owing to its porous structure, generating the maximum concentration of H₂ + CO (60%) in the pyrolysis gas. When graphite was used, the final low temperature favoured the cyclization of the alkenes, giving rise to a higher concentration of mononuclear aromatics in the pyrolysis oils. The model established in this study revealed that the quantity and quality of the products obtained from the microwave pyrolysis highly depended on the process conditions, which were influenced by the receptor significantly.     

Spatial Patterns of Macrobenthic Communities in Shallow-Water Tidal Embayments and Their Association with Environmental Factors

This study examines the distribution, composition, and structure of benthic communities in nine shallow-water semienclosed embayments on Cape Cod, southeastern Massachusetts. The spatial patterns were used to associate benthic characteristics with local environmental factors. Field data from multiple years were collected to measure macrofaunal abundance, community composition, and environmental characteristics. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the spatial variations of species composition and the abundance of benthic macrofauna. Canonical ordination, specifically redundancy analysis, was used to determine the relative importance of the environmental factors (nutrients and habitat factors) being studied. The analyses demonstrate that the benthic communities in the shallow tidal embayments are clearly clustered in association with the local environments. Species composition and community structure of the benthic macrofauna are significantly correlated with water column parameters, especially with phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen.     

安全生产工作创新之探索——"目视管理"在安全系统中的应用

根据事故统计资料分析,绝大部分事故都是由于员工违反操作规程引起的.对事故进行处理时往往发现企业有规章制度,但操作人员了解不够,认识不足,因此执行不力.规章制度的要求与现场执行存在很大的差距.如何使规章制度在现场得到有效执行,这是决定安全生产效果的关键. "目视管理"正是提高执行力的有效手段.     

Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian,China: Factor analysis with non-negative constraints combined with local source fingerprints

Vapor- and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were continuously collected at an urban site in Dalian, China, during the heating and non-heating period. There is strong temperature dependence and obvious seasonal trend for atmospheric PAHs, and significant positive correlations of atmospheric PAHs with SO₂ and CO concentrations were observed. Factor analysis model with non-negative constraints (FA–NNC) combined with local and literature PAH source fingerprints was successful in source identification of particulate PAHs in the atmospheric samples. The results suggested that, in heating period, the main pollution sources were identified as coal-fired boiler emission (56%), residential coal combustion (33%) and traffic emissions (11%). As for non-heating period, the main sources were gasoline engine emission, traffic tunnel emission and coal-fired power plant, and the overall source contributions of traffic emission (gasoline engine + traffic tunnel) were 79% and coal-fired power plant 21%. The current results support our previous study and provide new insights. This can be the first attempt to quantitatively apportion air organic pollutants using receptor models combined with local source fingerprints. The source fingerprints can be used as reference data for source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs of China.