微波解毒含铬废渣

用褐煤作还原剂还原含铬废渣中Cr6+,考察了褐煤以及铬渣在微波场中的升温行为,研究了铬渣解毒的影响因素。实验结果表明,铬渣和褐煤在微波环境中都能升温达到还原反应温度,Cr6+的转化率和体系温度随着微波功率的增加、辐射时间延长、煤渣比增加、煤渣量增加Cr6+的转化率相应提高。在微波功率为700W,辐射时间为20min,煤渣比为20∶100,煤渣量为20g时,Cr6+的转化率达到99.12%,体系温度达到1050℃。     

Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery

For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (salt cedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multidate Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data sets, two types of hyperspectral CASI input data and two classifiers have been examined and compared for mapping and monitoring the salt cedar change. The two types of input data are all two-date original CASI bands and 12 principal component images (PCs) derived from the two-date CASI images. The two classifiers are an artificial neural network (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The experimental results indicate that (1) the direct multitemporal image classification method applied in land cover change detection is feasible either with original CASI bands or PCs, but a better accuracy was obtained from the CASI PCA transformed data; (2) with the same inputs of 12 PCs, the ANN outperforms the LDA due to the ANN’s non-linear property and ability of handling data without a prerequisite of a certain distribution of the analysis data.     

自生生物动态膜反应器处理低碳氮比污水的研究

在好氧连续曝气方式下采用自生生物动态膜反应器处理低C/N污水,水力停留时间为5 h,膜通量为17～19 L/(m2·h) ,COD/ NH 4-N 在0.56～2.22,COD去除率在起始阶段达70%左右,运行稳定后,下降到40%左右; NH 4-N 的去除率一直稳定在 60.0% 左右.在 NH 4-N 的氧化过程中, NH 4-N 除被生物利用外,大部分被转化为 NO-2-N (出水中 NO-3-N 浓度非常低),亚硝化率平均达到94%.     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定,以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例,介绍了阴,阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。     

大地震诱发滑坡的分布特点及危险性区划研究

汶川8.0级大地震诱发大规模以滑坡、崩塌为主的地质灾害,改变了原有的地貌形态,形成多处堰塞湖,毁坏民房和道路,使之成为严重的次生滑坡灾害危险区域.以成都市的都江堰、彭州、崇州、邛崃、大邑5个市、县地震区为研究区,分析了滑坡分布与地震烈度和宏观震中距关系,并在GIS技术的支持下采用贡献权重迭加法进行了滑坡危险性区划,分别获得研究区不同等级的危险区面积和滑坡分布密度,其中彭州、都江堰成为地震滑坡最严重的区域.     

Changes in pH,dissolved organic matter and Cd species in the rhizosphere soils of Cd phytostabilizer Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation

Phytostabilization has great practical significance and flexibility in the ecological restoration of mining tailings and remediation of heavy metals polluted soils. However, potential use of metallophytes in phytostabilization is limited by a lack of knowledge of many basic plant processes. A mining ecotype (ME) Athyrium wardii, Pb/Cd phytostabilizer, and a non-mining ecotype (NME) A. wardii were grown in a pot experiment to investigate the chemical characteristics of the rhizosphere when exposed to the Cd polluted soils. Rhizobags were used to collect rhizosphere and bulk soils, separately. The results indicated that the ME A. wardii was more efficient in Cd accumulation in the root than NME after growing in Cd polluted soils for 50 days in a green house. Soil solution pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the rhizosphere of ME A. wardii were higher than in the bulk soil and initial values (before planting), whereas the increment in the ME A. wardii were greater than NME. Owing to the increasing of rhizosphere soil pH, exchangeable Cd significantly decreased, whereas the other Cd species were increased with increasing soil DOC values. It is assumed that the ME A. wardii was effective in stabilizing Cd from the mobile fraction to non-mobile fractions. Results from this study suggest that rhizosphere alkalinization and the exudation of high amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to reduce heavy metal mobility might be the two important mechanisms involved in the metal tolerance/accumulation of ME A. wardii.     

Neurotoxicological evaluation of microcystin-LR exposure at environmental relevant concentrations on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Previous studies have not examined the adverse effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at environmental relevant concentrations on the development and functions of nervous system. The neurotoxic effects of MC-LR exposure on neurotransmitter systems were investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. After exposing L1 larvae to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg?l^?1 of MC-LR for 8 and 24 h, the adverse effects on GABAergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neurons were examined. The expression levels of genes required for development and functions of GABAergic neurons were further investigated. Body bend frequency and head thrash frequency decreased significantly after MC-LR exposure for 8 h at concentrations more than 1 μg?l^?1 and after MC-LR exposure for 24 h at concentrations more than 0.1 μg?l^?1. Loss of GABAergic neurons increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after MC-LR exposure at concentrations more than 0.1 μg?l^?1. In contrast, no obvious neuronal losses or morphologic changes were observed in cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neurons in MC-LR-exposed nematodes. Quantitative real-time PCR assay further showed that expression levels of unc-30, unc-46, unc-47, and exp-1 genes required for development and function of GABAergic neurons decreased significantly in nematodes exposed to MC-LR at concentrations more than 0.1 or 1 μg?l^?1. MC-LR at environmental relevant concentrations caused neurobehavioral defects, which may be largely due to the neuronal loss and the alterations of expression level of genes required for GABAergic neurotransmitter system in C. elegans.     

进水碳负荷浓度对垂直潜流式人工湿地中植物根系微生物动态的影响

植物的不同生长发育阶段是影响根系微生物功能多样性的原因之一。植物的生长改变了微生物的群落结构。在低有机负荷或高有机负荷下,植物幼苗与成苗根系的微生物整体活性均差异明显,一般成苗期具有较高AWCD值。有植物湿地中微生物Simpson和Mcintosh多样性指数在植物成苗期均明显高于幼苗期(P0.05),但Shannon指数变化不明显(P0.05)。无植物湿地中微生物Simpson和Mcintosh指数受季节影响差异显著(P0.05)。主成分和聚类分析结果表明,不同生长发育阶段其微生物种类存在差异,而且不同进水条件下有植物湿地和无植物湿地各自有相似的微生物群体结构。     

河北省重点镇城镇化水平探析

城镇化是社会发展的结果,也是衡量区域经济社会发展水平的重要标志.以河北省50个省级重点镇为研究对象,利用模糊数学综合评价法测算出不同区域的城镇化水平.在总结重点镇的城镇化速度慢、地区差异性大等特点的基础上,提出了城镇化建设的具体优化措施,以期为合理发展城镇经济、正确选择发展道路提供参考.