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291.
292.
采用连续灌胃的方式对SD大鼠进行三丁基锡(TBT)染毒,剂量为0、0.1、1.0、和10.0 mg·kg-1,分别在暴露的第4d、8d处死动物,取肝脏检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,取外周血检测淋巴细胞DNA损伤.结果表明,TBT暴露第4d时,淋巴细胞尾长和尾相显著升高(p<0.001),而各浓度组的MDA含量与对照组相比都没有显著性差异;第8d时MDA含量随TBT暴露浓度的升高呈上升的趋势,高浓度组(10.0 mg·kg-1)和对照组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05),淋巴细胞尾长和尾相在各浓度组与对照组相比都有显著性升高,但高浓度组升高的趋势稍下降.研究结果提示TBT染毒对大鼠有脂质过氧化和DNA损伤作用. 相似文献
293.
Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g−1, eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification. 相似文献
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Cypermethrin has the potential to induce hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cypermethrin (CYP), a widely used Type II pyrethroid pesticide, is one of the most common contaminants in the freshwater aquatic system. We studied the effects of CYP exposure on the induction of hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and the alteration of gene expression related to apoptosis in adult zebrafish. Hepatic mRNA levels for the genes encoding antioxidant proteins, such as Cu/Zn-Sod, Mn-Sod, Cat, and Gpx, were significantly upregulated when zebrafish were exposed to various concentrations of CYP for 4 or 8 days. In addition, the main genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation and the mitochondrial genes related to respiration and ATP synthesis were also significantly upregulated after exposure to high concentrations (1 and 3 μg L−1) of CYP for 4 or 8 days. Moreover, in a comet assay of zebrafish hepatocytes, tail DNA, tail length, tail moment and Olive tail moment increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The significant induction (p < 0.01) of all four parameters observed with CYP concentrations of 0.3 μg L−1 or higher suggests that heavy DNA damage was induced even at low levels. Furthermore, several apoptosis- related genes, such as p53, Apaf1 and Cas3, were significantly upregulated after CYP exposure, and Bcl2/Bax expression ratio decreased, especially in groups treated with 1 and 3 μg L−1 CYP for 8 days. Taken together, our results suggested that CYP has the potential to induce hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in zebrafish. This information will be helpful in fully understanding the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by CYP in fish. 相似文献
296.
Complex optical properties, such as non-pigment suspension and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), make it difficult to achieve accurate estimations of remotely sensed chlorophyll a (Chla) content of inland turbidity. Recent attempts have been made to estimate Chla based on red and near-infrared regions where non-pigment suspension and CDOM have little effect on water reflectance. The objective of this study is to validate the applicability of WV-2 imagery with existing effective estimation methods from MERIS when estimating Chla content in inland turbidity waters. The correlation analysis of measured Chla content and WV-2 imagery bands shows that the Chla sensitive bands of WV-2 are red edge, NIR 1, and NIR 2. The coastal band is designed for seawater Chla detection. However, the high correlation with turbidity data and low correlation with Chla made coastal band unsuitable for estimating Chla in inland waters. The high-resolution water body images were extracted by combining the spectral products (NDWI) with the spatial morphological products (sobel edge detection). The estimation results show that the accuracy of the single band and NDCI is not as good as the two-band method, three-band method, stepwise regression algorithm (SRA) and support vector machines (SVM). The SVM estimation accuracy was the highest with an R2, RMSE, and URMSE of 0.8387, 0.4714, and 19.11%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the two-band and three-band methods are effective for estimating Chla in inland water for WV-2 imagery. As a high-precision estimation method, SVM has great potential for inland turbidity water Chla estimation. 相似文献
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298.
The effluents and sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants (MSTPs) are considered as potential sources of many contaminants to the ambient environments. In the present work, the air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was studied using passive air samplers at an urban lake, which receives the effluents from a MSTP in Beijing, China. The concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in atmosphere were in the range 15.5-108 ng sample−1 and 2.37-27.8 ng sample−1, respectively, during the sampling period (August, 2007-July, 2008). The predominant PCBs and PBDEs were lowly halogenated congeners. The calculation for the exchange fluxes of PCBs and PBDEs using fugacity model showed that, the net exchange fluxes in different seasons were closely related to the halogen number of different congeners. Except for CBs-28 and 52, the net exchange fluxes was mainly directed from air to water for most of predominant congeners, which implied that the lower chlorinated CBs were dominated by volatilization process rather than the dry/wet depositions and diffusion between air-water interface, additionally, for heavy congeners, the dry/wet deposition process was an important source of PCBs and PBDEs in this lake. 相似文献
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300.
火旋风模拟实验中热电偶测温辐射误差修正方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
辐射传热误差是浮力火羽流和火旋风热电偶温度测量中需要重点考虑的误差来源.该文利用火旋风模拟实验台开展火旋风温度测量实验并进行辐射误差分析,通过在同一测点布设多根不同直径热电偶,基于不同热电偶测温误差的对比,分析了几种多测量端温度误差修正方法,并通过两种粗细热电偶组合来检验不同修正方法的可靠性. 相似文献