Impact of air pollutants on hospital visits for pediatric asthma in Fuzhou city,southeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid social development in China has resulted in severe air pollution and adverse impacts on people’s health. Although studies have been...     

Influence of different inoculation densities of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on heavy metal immobilization in swine manure

The disposal of organic waste by the biocomposting of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has drawn broad attention. However, the discrepancies in heavy metal immobilization between BSFL biocomposting with different inoculation densities and aerobic composting need to be further researched. In this study, BSFL with inoculation densities of 0.08%, 0.24% and 0.40% was added to swine manure to investigate its influence on heavy metal bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The physicochemical properties, BSFL growth performance and amino acid contents were measured. The results showed that the germination index, total prepupal yield and bioavailable fraction removal rate (%) of Cr and Pb at an inoculation density of 0.40% of BSFL were the highest among all of the BSFL biocomposting groups. Although the bioaccumulation factor and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations of the BSFL body from swine manure with inoculation densities of 0.24% and 0.40% of BSFL were similar, the BSFL inoculation density of 0.40% had the best absorption effect on these heavy metals in terms of total prepupal yield. Therefore, this study provides a basis for exploring the optimal inoculation density of BSFL biocomposting to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in swine manure.

     

面向设计的地铁车站防火安全韧性评价*

为提升地铁车站防火安全韧性,以设计方案为切入视角,基于防火安全韧性的吸收、抵抗、恢复和适应能力4个维度,构建基于ANP-熵权法面向设计的地铁防火安全韧性评价指标体系,运用逼近理想解法建立地铁车站防火安全韧性设计评价模型,通过3个已建地铁车站（青岛、沈阳、福州某地铁车站）的设计案例验证该模型的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明:3个应用案例中,沈阳某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最高,福州某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最低,需进一步提升防火安全能力。评价结果与各案例的实际运行阶段基本吻合,研究思路和结果对改善地铁车站的防火安全设计具有一定参考意义。     

50年来上海市台风灾害分析及预评估

依据1949~2005年中国气象局上海台风研究所的实测数据和前人的研究成果,筛选出对上海地区造成严重影响的84个台风,对这84个成灾台风的最大风速、过程雨量以及吴淞口、黄埔公园潮位站数据分析,结合收集到的其中57个台风的完整灾情数据计算灾情指数。综合研究得出:近50年来,成灾台风生成频数的年际变化比较明显;台风造成的人员伤亡、农田受淹面积和房屋倒损3个灾情参数在这50年里有一定的起伏变化,但综合灾情指数变化的幅度不大,从1980年代开始灾情指数有上升趋势。成灾台风灾情指数与上海市郊吕泗站最大风速和过程雨量成正相关。吴淞口、黄埔公园的潮位站数据与成灾台风直接经济损失对应性较好。     

等离子体改性对活性炭纤维表面化学结构的影响

采用放电等离子体对活性炭纤维表面进行改性,通过改变活性炭纤维的化学官能团来强化活性炭纤维对SO2和NOx的吸附和催化作用。利用XPS、FTIR等方法对改性活性炭纤维的化学性质进行表征,研究了活性炭纤维表面官能团在等离子体改性过程中的转化规律和机理。实验结果表明:放电改性过程可以有效地向活性炭纤维表面引入有利于脱硫脱氮的含氧、含氮官能团;当电压为8kV,放电时间为5min时,放电改性活性炭纤维的效果最佳。     

区域性二□英筛选-确认技术研究与实践

以酶联免疫分析(EIA)方法筛选和同位素稀释、高分辨气相色谱、高分辨质谱联用(HRGC-HRMS)技术确认相结合的方式,对上海地区土壤二英水平进行了研究. 以w(二英)的区域筛选值19.0 ng/kg(以EIA-TEQ计)作为筛选标准,以文献上限值10.0 ng/kg作为确认标准,对超过筛选标准的样品进行确认,并对高于确认标准的样品进行了化学组分分析. 共筛选了包括农业土壤、林地、绿地在内的145个样品,其中高于筛选标准的样品有7个,经HRGC-HRMS确认后有3个样品高于确认标准,其w(二英)为10.2～61.2 ng/kg(以I-TEQ计). 这些样品来自工业区和垃圾焚烧厂周围. 组成模式分析结果显示,它们可能受到焚烧输入源的影响,但是否直接由潜在排放源引起还需进一步研究. 研究结果表明,相对快速和成本较低的筛选-评估体系适用于较大范围区域性二英污染的快速诊断.      

Carbonaceous species in fine particles at the background sites in Korea between 1994 and 1999

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in fine particles (PM_2.5) at two background sites, Kosan and Kangwha in Korea were measured during intensive field studies between 1994 and 1999. Fine particles were collected on pre-fired quartz filters in a low-volume sampler and analyzed using the selective thermal oxidation method with MnO₂ catalyst. The OC and EC concentrations at Kosan located at western tip of Cheju Island in southern Korea are lower than those at Kangwha located at western coastal area in mid-Korean peninsula. Still, the OC concentrations at Kosan are generally higher than those at other background areas in Japan and USA. The EC concentrations at Kosan are lower than or comparable to those at other background areas. The total carbon (TC, sum of OC and EC) to EC ratio values at both sites were higher than those at other background areas in Japan and USA. At Kosan, the OC and EC concentrations when air parcels were from southern China were higher than those when air parcels were coming from northern China. However, at Kangwha, the differences were statistically not clear since most air parcels were from northern China. Except when air parcels were from the North Pacific during summer, the OC and EC concentrations are well correlated indicating that both OC and EC share the same emission/transport characteristics. From the gaseous hydrocarbon data and the OC and EC relationship, it was found that during summer local biogenic emissions of OC might be significant at Kosan.     

Agroforestry as alternative land-use production systems for the tropics

The science of agroforestry has progressed significantly during the past three decades. This article describes and documents various prominent traditional agroforestry systems. In-depth research on interactive processes of some agrisilvicultural systems have been undertaken and quantified. It has been found that the presence of woody species can enhance nutrient cycling, and can improve soil productivity, soil conservation and soil biotic andfaunal activities. In simultaneous systems however, their presence can also cause competition with the associated food crops. Most agroforestry systems constitute ecologically and bio-physically sustainable land use systems. Some are highly sustainable and economically viable, in particular the highly complex and specialized types, such as the damar and rubber agroforests in Indonesia. Agroforestry systems have potential uses in stabilization of sloping lands and buffer zones around forest reserves, for recovering degraded lands, and for improving the productivity of the bush fallow system. Despite rapid progress in biophysical research, field application of the science of agroforestry is still minimal. This article examines the possibilities of exploring the multiple contributions of trees to food security, rural income generation, diversity of products and ecosystem conservation within sustainable agroforestry contexts. Research efforts in the new millennium need to focus more on practical research and also on socio-economic and policy factors that can enhance beneficial application of the science in the near future to smallholder farmers in the tropics.     

Assessment of soil and soil-gas radon activity using active and passive detecting methods in Korea

Radon ((222)Rn) is a carcinogenic gas produced by the radioactive decay of radium ((226)Ra). It has been reported that soil and soil-gas are primary factors that could cause indoor radon problems. Six sites were selected for this study--Sanbook, Gangcheon, Jikyeong, Choojung, Geumsung and Homyoung--each was classified according to bedrock type. In order to investigate soil-gas radon activities and radon emanating power, innovated active and passive detecting methods were developed and applied under both field and laboratory conditions. Statistical analysis of results confirmed that the radon activity values measured using either active or passive methods under field or laboratory conditions could be interchangeable with each other.     

EDTAD-modified cassava stalks loaded with Fe3O4: highly efficient removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a novel magnetic cassava stalk composite (M-EMCS) was prepared through modification with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAD)...