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251.
物元分析在水环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了利用物元分析对水环境质量评价的新方法。该法具有模型简单、评价合理的优点,以实例同其它方法进行了比较,结果令人满意。 相似文献
252.
次氯酸钠氧化法脱除二级生化出水中氨氮的中试研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用间歇和连续运行的方法对CODcr和NH3-N浓度分别约为200 ms/L和30 ms/L的二级生化出水进行了次氯酸钠氧化脱氮中试研究,考察了pH值、次氯酸钠溶液投加量和反应时间等工艺条件对脱氮效果的影响和中试工艺连续运行的稳定性.结果表明,次氯酸钠氧化脱氮的最适工艺条件是pH=7.5-8.5、次氯酸钠溶液(含有效氯10%)投加量为0.5%(v/v)、反应时间30 min.处理量为9.6 m3/d的中试装置在上述优化条件下连续运行15 d,处理水氨氮全部达到排放标准. 相似文献
253.
我国的电子垃圾回收利用基本处于失控状态,缺乏监管。回收处理方式:一是作为普通垃圾被填埋;二是对于尚能使用的废弃电子产品拿到旧货市场贩卖,不能使用的则私自拆解,回收提炼贵金属,丢弃不能利用的产品,对环境产生极大危害。因此,应建立和完善电子垃圾回收处理法规体系,回收利用体系,开发电子废物处理利用的新技术,改变无序发展状态。 相似文献
254.
255.
谷孝鸿 《生态与农村环境学报》1994,(4)
鲁西北地区是黄淮海平原中低产田渍涝洼地的主要分布区之一。在鲁西北的禹城市,利用挖鱼塘、建台田的工程措施,综合改造利用这类洼地。工程实施后,通过水盐调控,改善了洼地的环境状况。监测结果表明:洼地台田土壤含盐量降低,土壤逐渐熟化。土壤有机质大量整治前后分别为0.582%(1986年)、0.989%(1989年).土壤中的全氮、全磷也由整冶前的0.02%、0.14%上升到整治后的0.061%和0.158%。土壤盐分含量逐年降低,由0.50~0.92%下降到0.06~O29%。挖鱼塘建台田的生态工程措施,使浅层地下水地表化,解决了洼地积水蒸发等形成的盐渍化问题。综合环境效应显示,洼地原有的自然状况向良性转化,达到了初步治理的目的。 相似文献
256.
257.
Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Natural organic matter (NOM) is known to be complex in nature with varying structural and functional characteristics. In this study, an aquatic NOM was fractionated into the polyphenolic-rich (NOM-PP) and the carbohydrate-rich (NOM-CH) fractions in an attempt to better characterize their chemical and structural properties along with a reference soil humic acid (SHA). Various spectroscopic techniques were employed for the study, including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis). 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Results indicate that the relative abundance of aromatic C=C and methoxyl (-OCH3) functional groups are in the order of SHA > NOM-PP > NOM-CH. However, the aquatic NOM-PP and NOM-CH fractions are characterized by high contents of carboxylic and alcoholic functional groups relative to the SHA. In particular, the NOM-PP fraction appears to contain more phenolic and ketonic functional groups than the NOM-CH and SHA fractions, and it gives a strong fluorescence and high paramagnetic spin count. On the other hand, the NOM-CH fraction possesses a relatively low amount of carbon but a high amount of oxygen or oxygen-containing structural features, such as carbohydrate-OH and carboxylic groups, and shows the least fluorescence intensity and paramagnetic spin counts. Results of these spectroscopic studies confirm the heterogeneous nature of NOM, and point out the importance of isolation and improved characterization of various NOM subcomponents in order to better understand the behavior and roles of NOM in the natural environment. 相似文献
258.
Degradation of dyes in aqueous solutions by the Fenton process 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Degradation of 20 different dyes in aqueous solutions by the Fenton process was performed. These dyes include 6 types: acidic, reactive, direct, cationic, disperse and vat dyes. The former four types of dyes were decolorized and their TOC values were decreased greatly, while the color and TOC removals of the latter two types were lower. The catalytic activities of four metal ions on the degradation efficiencies of Vat Blue BO, which was chosen as a model dye because of its lowest color and TOC removals, were compared in the dark and under the ultraviolet light irradiation. The catalytic ability of different metals was Fe2+>Cu2+>Mn2+>Ag+ in the dark, and the same sequence was obtained under irradiation condition with greater degradation efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiencies of three oxidation processes, including H2O2/UV, Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/H2O2/UV were compared. The results showed that the oxidation by Fe2+/H2O2/UV was the strongest, and even greater than the arithmetic sum of the other two processes, which suggests the synergistic effect of ultraviolet and ferrous ions on the degradation reaction. 相似文献
259.
An enrichment consortium and an isolate (isolate TKW) of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been obtained from metal-contaminated marine sediments of Tokwawan, Hong Kong SAR. These bacteria are capable of reducing highly toxic and soluble hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) enzymatically into less toxic and insoluble trivalent chromium (Cr3+) under anaerobic conditions. The enrichment consortium almost completely (98.5%) reduced 0.6 mM Cr6+ in 168 h and the rate of reduction was 0.5 g (Cr6+) g(protein)(-1)h(-1). In comparison, with Cr6+ as the sole electron acceptor (as a surrogate for SO4(2-)), isolate TKW reduced 94.5% of the initially added Cr6+ (0.36 mM) in 288 h, with the rate of 0.26 g (Cr6+) g(protein)(-1)h(-1). Adsorption by these bacteria was not the major mechanism contributing to the transformation or removal of Cr6+. The biomass and Cr3+ in the cultures increased simultaneously with the reduction of Cr6+. These indigenous SRB might have potential application in bioremediation of metal contaminated sediments. 相似文献
260.
以城市污水厂回流污泥中的硝化细菌(氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌)为受试生物,HgCl2为标准毒性物质,通过对两组实验--氨氧化速率实验(NH 4-N→NO-2-N)和亚硝酸盐氧化速率实验(NO-2-N→NO-3-N)的研究表明,氨氧化细菌对HgCl2的灵敏度(IC50=0.034 mmol/L)明显高于亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(IC50=0.20 mmol/L).氨氧化速率法测试活性污泥活性时,使用NH 4-N或NO-X-N指标需要120 min或更长的时间,但使用NO-2-N指标仅需30 min就可完成测试,而且结果重现性要比NH 4-N和NO-X-N好,其变异系数CV为5.9 %. 相似文献