Effect of groundwater geochemistry on pentachlorophenol remediation by smectite-templated nanosized Pd0/Fe0

Zero-valent iron holds great promise in treating groundwater, and its reactivity and efficacy depend on many surrounding factors. In the present work, the effects of solution chemistry such as pH, humic acid (HA), and inorganic ions on pentachlorophenol (PCP) dechlorination by smectite-templated Pd(0)/Fe(0) were systematically studied. Smectite-templated Pd(0)/Fe(0) was prepared by saturating the negatively charged sites of smectite clay with Fe(III) and a small amount of Pd(II), followed by borohydride reduction to convert Fe(III) and Pd(II) into zero-valent metal clusters. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water chemistry on PCP remediation. The PCP dechlorination rate critically depends on the reaction pH over the range 6.0~10.0; the rate constant (k (obs)) increases with decreasing the reaction pH value. Also, the PCP remediation is inhibited by HA, which can be attributed to the electron competition of HA with H(+). In addition, the reduction of PCP can be accelerated by various anions, following the order: Cl(-) > HCO (3) (-) > SO (4) (2-) ~no anion. In the case of cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) (10 mM) decrease the dechlorination rate to 0.7959 and 0.7798 from 1.315 h(-1), respectively. After introducing HA into the reaction systems with cations or/and anions, the dechlorination rates are similar to that containing HA alone. This study reveals that low pH and the presence of some anions such as Cl(-) facilitate the PCP dechlorination and induce the rapid consumption of nanosized zero-valent iron simultaneously. However, the dechlorination rate is no longer correlated to the inhibitory or accelerating effects by cations and anions in the presence of 10 mg/L HA.     

生活污水中糖类测试方法研究

分别用蒽酮比色、苯酚-硫酸及气相色谱法3种测试方法测试了上海市某生活小区生活污水的糖类组成.试验结果表明,蒽酮比色法测试糖类浓度的准确性与精确性优于苯酚-硫酸法,但不能得出污水中糖类的详细组成情况;与蒽酮比色法和苯酚-硫酸法相比,气相色谱法不仅能得出污水中糖类的详细组成,而且还具有较高的精密度.气相色谱法测得的生活污水中各种单糖,如木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖的质量浓度分别为8.25、 6.02、5.52、4.80、4.44、4.41、2.66 mg/L.     

铬渣应用于烧结炼铁工艺的研究及实践

烧结工艺对处理固体废物具有良好的适应性。通过用烧结、炼铁工艺 ,能有效地回收和利用铬酸钠生产过程中产生的铬渣中的有效成分 ,并利用其在高温下的氧化还原反应 ,达到解毒目的 ,实现铬渣的资源化和无害化。     

新型高效氧化偶合絮凝剂COF-I的研制及其应用研究

以硫酸铝为主要原料 ,经过化学改性后 ,制得兼具氧化和絮凝为一体的新型、高效水处理药剂COF I ,并设计正交实验找出了药剂最佳组合配方 ,且对微污染水源水、城市污水及印染废水进行了强化处理试验研究。结果表明 ,最佳配方为复合比 1∶1、添加剂含量 1 2 5 %、稳定剂含量 0 3%、氧化成分含量 1 0 % ,在最佳配方和最佳工艺条件下 ,复合药剂COF I对微污染水源水、城市污水及印染废水均具有良好的处理效果     

耦合光催化与生物处理4-氯酚废水

采用三相内循环式流化床光反应器和固定床生物反应器耦合处理4-氯酚(4-CP)废水。光反应器中采用粗孔硅胶负载的具有高活性和长寿命的TiO2为催化剂,处理效率高。废水的BOD5／COD及固定床生物反应器处理效果表明,4-CP为难生物降解物,光催化预处理能显著增强废水的可生化性。在单级耦合处理中,光催化预处理4h后进行生物处理,能达到最佳效率,但要完全矿化COD则需要延长预处理时间。光催化预处理为生物处理提供可降解性COD,后者却没有机会作用于前者。在多级耦合处理中,两者之间存在协同作用,使多级耦合处理效率大大提高。     

用我国各地实测资料拟合的高架源大气扩散参数

采用Ｂｒｉｇｇｓ大气扩散参数的一般式（σ＝ａｘ（１＋βｘ）＾－１／２）将国内一些实测大气扩散参数组织拟合,求出高架源大气扩散参数。拟合大气扩散参数经与ＧＢ３８４０－９１和Ｂｒｉｇｇｓ大气扩散参数比较结果合理,一般适用于１００ｍ 以上的高架源扩散情况。因此在大气扩散计算中有实用价值。     

远红外辐射加热催化床净化有机蒸汽的实验研究

一、 前言 催化燃烧法以净化效果好、相对节能、操作简便及装置本体安全等优点而成为国内外有机蒸气净化的重要手段。现有的装置一般都采用预热气体的工艺,这又限制了节能的程度和造成了催化剂高温工作的条件。以往     

企业员工的心理健康辅导不容忽视

富土康职工半年内发生“十二连跳”,心理专家将其归结为新一代农民工的脆弱,而社会学者认为是经济转轨期社会公平问题的集中反映。康奈集团党委副书记、工会主席陈增鑫说,现在的员工大多是80后青年,感情上比较脆弱,看问题也比较直接和简单,一旦有事情发生就不知道如何处理。对此,     

边流效应对固定床吸附容量的影响

以甲苯气体为例,低浓度有机污染物在活性炭固定床吸附器内受边流效应影响的吸附过程。结果表明,由于边流效应影响,吸附床层死层增加,吸附容量减少,对直径０．３６ｍ,高径比为２．５的固定床,固定床甲苯吸附量损失可达１．７８ｋｇ,吸附层高度损失０．１２ｍ。     

The landscape pattern characteristics of coastal wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay Under The Impact Of Human Activities

In this study, we interpreted coastal wetland types from an ASTER satellite image in 2002, and then compared the results with the land-use status of coastal wetlands in 1952 to determine the wetland loss and degradation around Jiaozhou Bay. Seven types of wetland landscape were classified, namely: shallow open water, inter-tidal flats, estuarine water, brackish marshes, salt ponds, fishery ponds and ports. Several landscape pattern indices were analysed: the results indicate that the coastal wetlands have been seriously degraded. More and more natural wetlands have been transformed into artificial wetlands, which covered about 33.7% of the total wetlands in 2002. In addition, we used a defined model to assess the impacts of human activities on coastal wetlands. The results obtained show that the coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay have suffered severe human disturbance. Effective coastal management and control is therefore needed to solve the issues of the coastal wetland loss and degradation existing in this area.