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771.
772.
雌激素等内分泌干扰物在水体中普遍存在,其在再生水中的存在以及在水体中的迁移转化会产生潜在的健康和生态风险。光降解是水体中雌激素消除的主要途径之一,水体中共存的无机离子及有机质等对雌激素的光解存在不同的影响。对高碑店湖再生水体中雌激素的污染状况进行了调查,结果显示表层水中天然雌激素雌酮(E1)和人工合成雌激素17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度最高。在模拟太阳光照射条件下对E1在水溶液中的降解规律及影响因素进行了研究,发现在模拟1 SUN的光密度条件下,15 min时E1降解率可达85%(C0=5μg·L-1),而氨氮对E1的光降解存在一定的抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着氨氮的升高而变大。与纯水系统相比,高碑店湖表层水基质中E1的光降解速率较低,说明整体上氨氮、HCO-3、浊度等因素对E1光降解产生的抑制作用占主导。对雌酮及其降解产物进行了红外光谱分析,结果显示1 720 cm-1对应的C=O键特征峰在光照时间为0、10和20 min样品中的强度逐渐减弱,而2 854 cm-1和2 925 cm-1对应的脂肪碳的C-H键特征峰先增强后减弱,可能是因为E1结构中的C-C=O发生了反应生成了C=C-OH,而随着反应的继续,C=C也被进一步氧化,但降解产物的结构需要进一步研究推断。随着E1的光降解,E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性逐渐下降,氨氮虽然对E1的光降解有一定的抑制作用,但随着降解反应的进行E1水溶液的内分泌干扰活性依然呈下降趋势。 相似文献
773.
774.
The elemental mercury removal abilities of three different zeolites(Na A, Na X, HZSM-5)impregnated with iron(Ⅲ) chloride were studied on a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption(TPD) analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the pore structure and active chloride species on the surface of the samples are the key factors for physisorption and oxidation of Hg0, respectively. Relatively high surface area and micropore volume are beneficial to efficient mercury adsorption. The active Cl species generated on the surface of the samples were effective oxidants able to convert elemental mercury(Hg0)into oxidized mercury(Hg2+). The crystallization of Na Cl due to the ion exchange effect during the impregnation of Na A and Na X reduced the number of active Cl species on the surface, and restricted the physisorption of Hg0. Therefore, the Hg0 removal efficiencies of the samples were inhibited. The TPD analysis revealed that the species of mercury on the surface of Fe Cl3–HZSM-5 was mainly in the form of mercuric chloride(Hg Cl2), while on Fe Cl3–Na X and Fe Cl3–Na A it was mainly mercuric oxide(Hg O). 相似文献
775.
Jingjing Sha You Wang Jianxia Lv Hong Wang Hongmei Chen Leilei Qi Xuexi Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,28(2):54-63
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE(BDE-47)and deca-BDE(BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and-209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations.(2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209.(3) Both BDE-47 and-209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females(OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females(MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and-209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately. 相似文献
776.
西安市近郊土壤肥力调查与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过监测土壤肥力评价常用的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、p H等7项评价指标,对西安市近郊4个方位的土壤肥力进行了评价。结果表明:在西安市近郊的4个方位上,土壤中p H值普遍在8.5左右,显略碱性;有机质的含量普遍处于稍缺状态,北郊的有机质含量相对比较丰富,最高为2.64%;全氮含量相对较好,全钾含量均处于较缺状态,北郊的全钾含量较高,为4.17 g/kg;全磷含量均处于0.66 g/kg左右,属中等状态;有效磷含量处于中等含量水平,南郊较低,平均为7.3 mg/kg,最低至3 mg/kg;速效钾含量东郊为37.93 mg/kg,含量较少,处于较缺状态,其余3个郊区均处于稍缺状态。 相似文献
777.
对近年来加工原料劣质化后轻质油中间原料储罐腐蚀问题突出和腐蚀导致的安全事故多发的现状进行了论述,介绍了中国石化轻质油中间原料储罐的调研情况和发现的主要问题,从多个方面提出了轻质油中间原料储罐的防腐对策. 相似文献
778.
介绍了河南油田GIS设备漏气故障的处理方法,分析了漏气的原因,提出了相应的防范措施. 相似文献
779.
The elemental mercury removal abilities of three different zeolites (NaA, NaX, HZSM-5) impregnated with iron(III) chloride were studied on a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the pore structure and active chloride species on the surface of the samples are the key factors for physisorption and oxidation of Hg0, respectively. Relatively high surface area and micropore volume are beneficial to efficient mercury adsorption. The active Cl species generated on the surface of the samples were effective oxidants able to convert elemental mercury (Hg0) into oxidized mercury (Hg2 +). The crystallization of NaCl due to the ion exchange effect during the impregnation of NaA and NaX reduced the number of active Cl species on the surface, and restricted the physisorption of Hg0. Therefore, the Hg0 removal efficiencies of the samples were inhibited. The TPD analysis revealed that the species of mercury on the surface of FeCl3–HZSM-5 was mainly in the form of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), while on FeCl3–NaX and FeCl3–NaA it was mainly mercuric oxide (HgO). 相似文献
780.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 ismore toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately. 相似文献