Starch- polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film— performance and biodegradation

Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

基于神经网络的重大危险源动态分级研究

利用自组织神经网络对重大危险源进行动态分级研究，介绍了神经网络的模式聚类即分级法的自组织学习过程和算法，克服了以往危险源分级方法的某些局限性。在计算机上进行的模拟计算表明：基于自组织神经网络的重大危险源动态分级方法是合理可行的     

关于安全投资效益目标函数的建立和优化

通过对安全投资与事故经济损失的规律性的分析研究，确立安全投资与经济效益的内在关系，进一步探索在我国现有财力和安全水平的基础上，找准安全投资的投向，优化安全投资的合理分配，从而实现最大限度地提高企业安全生产水平和安全投资效益。为政府部门或企业提供一套经过优化、科学合理、操作性又比较强的安全投资方案，供各级领导进行安全决策，实现本部门、本单位的安全投资计划时参考     

王甫洲工程泄水闸围堰基础高喷防渗墙施工

王甫洲水利枢纽工程泄水闸施工围堰基础主要为砂卵石层，结构中密～密实，属较强～极强透水层。使用改制的ＢＺＫ—３Ａ 型喷灌机，大水量、大浆量、不分序连续施工，高压定喷构筑围堰基础防渗板墙。经围井开挖检查，钻孔及围井挖后抽水试验、泄水闸基坑开挖后的防渗效果分析表明，高喷防渗板墙厚度、墙体强度及墙体渗透系数均满足设计要求     

防辐射有机玻璃板材的抗辐射性能

系统研究了含铅有机玻璃、含钡有机玻璃、含硼有机玻璃和普通有机玻璃的ｘ、γ射线和中子射线防护性能及其耐６０Ｃγ射线辐照稳定性。结果表明，含铅有机玻璃板材具有良好的ｘ射线、反应堆热柱γ射线屏蔽性能；合硼有机玻璃板材具有良好的热中子屏蔽性能；含钡有机玻璃板材的褪化裂变谱中子辐射屏蔽性能良好；含钡有机玻璃和普通有机玻璃可耐１０５～１０６Ｇｙ的６０Ｃｏｙ射线辐照；含铅有机玻璃板材耐６０Ｃｏｙ射线照射能力小于１０５Ｇｙ。     

The role of relationships in understanding telecommuter satisfaction

Relationships are fundamental to organizational functioning, yet as telecommuting and other forms of virtual work become increasingly popular, research has not yet focused on how the virtual context might alter relationships so as to impact important work outcomes. This study therefore examines the role relationships play in mediating the link between the extent of telecommuting and job satisfaction. In doing so three fundamental types of relationships maintained by employees are investigated—those with managers, coworkers, and family. Regression analysis of field data from 294 telecommuting employees in a large telecommunications company revealed the anticipated inverted U‐shaped relationship, mediated by leader‐member exchange quality, team‐member exchange quality, and work‐family conflict. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis

This study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各地招退工过程中的行政控制立法比较

用人单位在招退工过程中,作为劳动保障部门的行政控制权究竟处于什么样的水平才是合适的,这一直是各地司法实践中所关注的问题.由于我国《劳动法》对这一问题没有作出明确规定,使得我国地方立法有了较大的空间.     

Development of Layered Sediment Structure and its Effects on Pore Water Transport and Hyporheic Exchange

Hyporheic exchange is known to provide an important control on nutrient and contaminant fluxes across the stream-subsurface interface. Similar processes also mediate interfacial transport in other permeable sediments. Recent research has focused on understanding the mechanics of these exchange processes and improving estimation of exchange rates in natural systems. While the structure of sediment beds obviously influences pore water flow rates and patterns, little is known about the interplay of typical sedimentary structures, hyporheic exchange, and other transport processes in fluvial/alluvial sediments. Here we discuss several processes that contribute to local-scale sediment heterogeneity and present results that illustrate the interaction of overlying flow conditions, the development of sediment structure, pore water transport, and stream-subsurface exchange. Layered structures are shown to develop at several scales within sediment beds. Surface sampling is used to analyze the development of an armor layer in a sand-and-gravel bed, while innovative synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography is used to observe patterns of grain sorting within sand bedforms. We show that layered bed structures involving coarsening of the bed surface increase interfacial solute flux but produce an effective anisotropy that favors horizontal pore water transport while limiting vertical penetration.     

美国自然灾害的社会学研究

研究起始美国著名地球科学家普瑞斯说过：无论何时何地发生破坏性大地震,美国整个社会和经济组织都能感受到它的巨大冲击。面对这种损失巨大、影响面广的地震灾害,美国政府在其减灾计划中,强调了必须采取强力措施,“加强对国民进行地震及其危险性教育,以减轻地震对家庭、社会和国家的影响”。