Changes in the liver proteome in apoE knockout mice exposed to inhalation of silica nanoparticles indicate mitochondrial damage and impairment of ER stress responses associated with microvesicular steatosis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The adverse effects of air pollution on the cardiovascular system have been well documented. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an...     

Volatile fatty acid evolution in biomass mixture composts prepared in open and closed bioreactors

In this study we observed the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the composting process of compost heaps in two different bioreactors (open and closed) at three different depths (0, 40 and 80 cm). The compost was prepared as a mixture of bio-waste, horse manure, grass and sawdust to ensure sufficient pH conditions in compost heaps. VFA contents in the composting materials were analysed weekly over 14–119 d. The degradation process was monitored, along with temperature, pH, total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon and mono- and oligosaccharides. VFA contents were evaluated with regard to the depth of the sample site in the compost heap and to conditions in the bioreactors. The maximum VFA occurrence was observed during the first 35 d; acetic and propionic acids in particular were determined to occur in each sample. Considerable variations in their formation and elimination were observed in the two bioreactors as well as at the various depths in the compost heaps. Significant correlations were found between individual VFAs, as well as between VFA concentrations and organic carbon contents.     

地下水环境背景值研究进展的分析与建议

在论述地下水环境背景值研究的有关基本概念以及中国地下水环境背景值现状的基础上,同时对比多种地下水环境背景值的计算方法,指出了中国地下水环境背景值研究中存在的问题,并提出在采样点的布置过程中,处理异常值的过程中,选择环境背景值范围的过程中,需要对有关水文、环境地质条件的变化,数理统计方法的应用等进行进一步的研究,为地下水水质的准确评价和水化学研究提供可靠的依据,为中国的地下水环境背景值研究提供切实的参考价值。     

滇池湖滨生态带建设管理机制研究

为提高湖滨带管理水平,通过总结实际工作中的工作方法和经验,提出和完善滇池湖滨生态带管理的一般模式,即政府投资管理、企业投资管理、政府-企业共同管理三种模式,为构建完善的滇池湖滨生态带管理机制奠定理论研究和实践调研基础。结果表明:政府主导的管理方式有利于保障湖滨带的整体性和自然属性,促进湖滨带生态系统的自然恢复,但是资金投入比例大、管理周期长;政府-企业共同管理能产生社会效益和经济效益,降低政府投资;企业投资管理能激活湖边带的商业价值,但企业管理自主性比较大,有待进一步研究。     

从负载铅的DNNSA-P204煤油溶液中反萃铅

研究了从二壬基萘磺酸-二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(DNNSA-P204)负载有机相中反萃铅的影响因素.考察了反萃剂种类、反萃时间、反萃温度、反萃剂浓度和反萃油水比(VO/VA)对负载有机相中铅反萃的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸为最佳反萃剂,反萃平衡的时间为5 min,低温有利于反萃.反萃过程为放热过程,过程焓变为-942.7 J·mol-1.广角激光光散射和FT-IR结果表明:DNNSA浓度不变时,DNNSA-P204形成的混合反胶团随着P204浓度的增加而变大,负载有机相中的铅以Pb AD形式增溶进入混合反胶团内水相中.经多次反萃后,萃取剂DNNSA-P204对铅仍有较好的萃取能力.当反萃时间为5 min,温度为298 K,油水比为2∶1,硝酸浓度为0.6 mol·L-1时,反萃率可达到70%.     

煤矸石-土壤混合基质对小白菜生长的影响及Pb迁移规律

盆栽试验研究了施用不同量煤矸石(0%、13%、26%、40%、53%)对贫瘠土壤改良的效果和对小白菜生长品质的影响。结果表明:(1)混合基质中Pb的迁移能力较差,小白菜中Pb积累量与植物体生物量具有正相关关系;(2)小白菜的发芽率、根系长度、地面以上株高和生物量等均在煤矸石施入比例为26%时达到最佳,发芽率、地面以上株高和干重分别增加23%、23.05%和20.62%;施入煤矸石超过40%时将导致各项指标有所下降;(3)采用单因子污染指数法进行食品质量评价,加入煤矸石量分别为0%、13%和26%时,产品污染指数分别为0.69、0.79和0.93,属于清洁水平;而加入煤矸石量为40%和53%时,污染指数分别为1.12(轻污染水平)和1.38(轻污染水平)。煤矸石可增加植物生长过程所需营养物质而作为贫瘠土壤的改良剂,实现煤矸石资源化并改善矿区生态环境。     

分光光度法测定大气颗粒物和柴油尾气中的砷含量

介绍了测定砷含量的分光光度法,该方法可以应用于大气颗粒物中的痕量砷的敏感性测定。测定、考察了北方城市大气中砷浓度及日变化规律,结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高。将此方法获得的结果与原子吸收法所得到的结果进行比较,两者高度吻合。进行了柴油机动车尾气中砷含量的测定,结果表明,其尾气中含有一定量的砷。     

冶金行业安全生产标准发展现状与对策研究

首先分析了我国冶金行业安全生产标准发展现状和存在的主要问题,论述了冶金行业安全生产标准发展规划以及从纵向产业链生产诸单元和横向关键生产环节(工艺)安全生产标准所覆盖的较为完整的冶金行业安全生产标准体系。最后阐述了冶金行业安全生产标准发展对策。     

Rare earth elements in street dust and associated health risk in a municipal industrial base of central China

The content levels, distribution characteristics, and health risks associated with 15 rare earth elements (REEs) in urban street dust from an industrial city, Zhuzhou, in central China were investigated. The total REE content (∑REE) ranged from 66.1 to 237.4 mg kg^?1, with an average of 115.9 mg kg^?1, which is lower than that of Chinese background soil and Yangtze river sediment. Average content of the individual REE in street dust decreased in the order Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern indicated light REE (LREE) enrichment, a relatively steep LREE trend, heavy REE (HREE) depletion, a flat HREE trend, a Eu-negative anomaly and a Ce-positive anomaly. Foremost heavy local soil and to less degree anthropogenic pollution are the main sources of REE present in street dust. Health risk associated with the exposure of REE in street dust was assessed based on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effect and lifetime average daily dose. The obtained cancer and non-cancer risk values prompt for no augmented health hazard. However, children had greater health risks than that of adults.