利用重质稠油生产沥青的VOCs排放特征

沥青生产是重要的石化行业子行业之一,目前尚缺乏针对该行业VOCs排放的相关研究.为探明沥青生产行业VOCs的排放特征,选取以重质稠油为原料生产沥青的某典型企业,主要采集有组织和无组织排放工序环节的样品,通过GC-MS定量检测了65种VOCs.结果表明,该企业沥青生产的VOCs排放浓度为37.28~7528.00 μg·m^-3,无组织排放和有组织排放VOCs均以烷烃为主,浓度占比超过50%,而有组织排放废气经末端治理设施处理后芳香烃贡献增加.乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷、正己烷、甲基环戊烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙烯、1-丁烯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯为该企业沥青生产过程的特征VOCs组分.沥青生产行业VOCs排放主要来自无组织排放,其中,95%的VOCs无组织排放来源于储罐区的呼吸损耗,为161.65 t·a^-1,其次为装卸平台,挥发量为9.42 t·a^-1.对无组织排放环节的管控应该成为沥青生产行业的管控重点.     

同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对发光细菌的急性毒性

为了研究同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对同步脱氮除硫过程的影响,采用发光细菌法测定了该工艺基质及产物的急性毒性.试验结果表明,硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的15min-半抑制浓度(即IC50)分别为78.1、12077.8、254.5、3852.1、1066.3mg·L-1.按照等效浓度混合法测定,各基质及产物的联合毒性为:硫化物与硫酸盐、硫化物与硝酸盐、硫化物与亚硫酸盐均呈加成作用;硫化物与亚硝酸盐呈协同作用;硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐5元混合体系呈加成作用.     

Formation potentials of typical disinfection byproducts and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 ...     

Formation potentials of typical DBPs and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 mg/L, the two mixed bromochloro species THMs and two dominant HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ozone dose, with the turning point approximately occurring at an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. The genotoxicity detected using umu test, on the other hand, was removed from 7 μg 4-NQO/L to a negligible level by ozonation under an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. Chlorination could further remove the genotoxicity to some extent. It was found that SUVA (UV absorbance divided by DOC concentration) might be used as an indicative parameter for monitoring the removal of genotoxicity during the oxidation.     

看美国环境管理架构运行机制的启示

自上世纪70年代开始,美国相继出台了一系列环境法律法规,建立了完善的环境执法机构和有效的环境法执行机制,取得了很好效果。本文从立法、机构设置、职能分配和运行机制等方面对中美环境管理体制进行了研究,旨在借鉴美国先进经验和有益做法,提出完善中国环境管理体制的对策。     

防静电服带电电荷量测试方法探讨

通过对现行防静电服带电电荷量检测相关标准对比分析,发现存在一些操作难点,在实验的基础上,提出了改进建议。试验表明,宜选用尺寸略大、配有腈纶摩擦标准布的自动式滚筒摩擦机作为摩擦装置,选择自动式试验方法。控制试验中试样的耐洗涤程序,洗涤次数为100次,测试环境温湿度据不同行业要求选择,温度的偏差≤±1℃。     

5种酚类化合物对3种水生生物的毒性作用

通过测定藻细胞密度和溞数量的变化,研究了5种酚类化合物对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）、斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus）和多刺裸腹溞（Moina macrocopa）3种水生生物的影响.结果表明,在实验第6天,随酚类化合物浓度增加,藻细胞密度与对照组相比明显下降,多刺裸腹...     

Isolation and characterization of an Arthrobacter sp. strain HB-5 that transforms atrazine

A bacterial strain (HB-5) capable of utilizing atrazine as sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth was isolated from an industrial wastewater sample by enrichment culture. The isolate was identified as Arthrobacter sp. according to its phenotypic features, physiologic and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. The strain exhibited faster atrazine degradation rates in atrazine-containing mineral media than the well-characterized atrazine-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The broad optimum pH and temperature ranges observed for strain HB-5 indicate that it has potential for remediation of atrazine-contaminated sites. Strain HB-5 first metabolizes atrazine to yield hydroxyatrazine. Then, the bacterium metabolizes hydroxyatrazine to cyanuric acid, but could not mineralize atrazine.     

板桥河小流域降雨事件中地表水磷浓度的变化特征

为定量揭示降雨对地表水中磷浓度和形态的影响,于2020年6—8月对巢湖入湖河流南淝河的支流板桥河进行了人工加密监测.共监测了4场降雨,采集了409个河道水样并测定了总磷（TP）、溶解态总磷（DTP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、溶解性反应活性磷（DRP）等指标,分析了降雨事件中磷浓度和形态的时空变化规律,以及降雨特征参数和土地利用方式对磷浓度的影响.分析结果显示：降雨过程中各形态磷的浓度均会显著上升,表明河道中磷的浓度变化与降雨过程密切相关.降雨结束12 h后,各形态磷的浓度会恢复到降雨前的水平.在空间上,河道流经城镇区后磷的浓度会显著高于流经农业区.此外,在无降雨时段和降雨频繁的时段,河道中各点位的磷主要以溶解态为主,只有在前期干燥天数较长的情况下,颗粒态磷的比例才会显著上升.监测结果表明,在汛期要结合降雨特征参数和城镇区、农村区不同的污染特征来进行精细化管理,将河道中溶解态磷的去除纳入到管控方案中,同时要重视河道两岸城镇区的面源污染削减.     

The profiles of chiral pesticides in peri-urban areas near Yangtze River: Enantioselective distribution characteristics and correlations with surface sediments

Chiral pesticides account for 30% of pesticides. Pesticides are inevitably leached into the groundwater by runoff. At the watershed level, the distribution characteristics of enantiomers in sediments collected from the river network of an agricultural area near the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were tested, and their potential correlations with the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of the sediments were analyzed. The sediment pollution was serious at sites 8 and 9, with their pollution source possibly being agricultural or industrial sewage. Moreover, there were higher cumulative contents of pesticide residues at sites 4, 8, and 9. Specifically, Cycloxaprid was the most detected chiral pesticide in the study area, followed by Dinotefuran and Diclofop-methyl. Additionally, Ethiprole and Difenoconazole had strong enantioselectivity in the study area. Interestingly, the enantiomers of some chiral pesticides, such as Tebuconazole, had completely different distributions at different sites. Pearson correlation analysis showed that sediment catalase and microbial biomass carbon were important factors for enantioselectivity of chiral pesticides. The effect of sediment physicochemical properties on enantioselective distribution was achieved by influencing the microorganisms in the sediment. Furthermore, the enantioselective distribution of Tebuconazole was closely related to the genus Arenimonas. Overall, the enantioselective distribution of most of the chiral pesticides was positively correlated with the prokaryotic microbial community. This study provides empirical support for agricultural non-point source pollution caused by chiral pesticides, and also lays a research foundation for exploring the factors that affect the fate of chiral pesticides in the environment.