全文获取类型
收费全文 | 520篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 28篇 |
废物处理 | 26篇 |
环保管理 | 66篇 |
综合类 | 45篇 |
基础理论 | 127篇 |
污染及防治 | 163篇 |
评价与监测 | 39篇 |
社会与环境 | 30篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 43篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有534条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
481.
Clive?BonsallEmail author Adina?Boronean? Andrei?Soficaru Kathleen?McSweeney Tom?Higham Nicolae?Miri?oiu Catriona?Pickard Gordon?Cook 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):321-325
In 1968, excavations in the Climente II cave in the Iron Gates gorge of the River Danube in southwest Romania unearthed the skeleton of an adult male. The burial was assumed to be of Late Pleistocene age because of the presence of Late Upper Palaeolithic (LUP) artefacts in the cave. However, there was no strong supporting stratigraphic evidence, and the body position is reminiscent of Early Neolithic burial practice in the region. Here, we report the results of radiocarbon and stable isotope analyses of the Climente II skeleton, which show that the skeleton dates to the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial ~14,500 cal BP. This is several millennia older than any previously dated human remains from the Iron Gates region and confirms its status as the oldest known burial from Romania. The stable isotope results indicate a diet with an emphasis on aquatic resources, contrary to the commonly held view that the LUP inhabitants of the Iron Gates subsisted mainly by hunting large land mammals. 相似文献
482.
The trophic importance of bacteria to harpacticoid copepods in intertidal areas remains poorly understood, and so do the mechanisms of bacterial feeding. It is, for instance, unclear whether harpacticoids directly target bacterial cells or merely co-ingest them with substrates to which bacterial cells may be attached. Here, we investigate bacterial uptake and substrate requirement for four mud intertidal species (Microarthridion littorale, Platychelipus littoralis, Delavalia palustris and Nannopus palustris) by means of 13C-labeled bacteria and biomarker fatty acids (FA). Bacterial uptake strongly depended on grazing on a primary food source but bacterial ingestion rates were low, and no clear indication of copepods directly targeting bacteria was found. Delavalia was the only species that accumulated bacteria-derived FA and gained in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) probably through bioconversion of bacteria-derived FA. In general, however, our results suggest that bacteria represent a relatively minor and low-quality food for intertidal harpacticoid copepods. 相似文献
483.
Joshua Farley David Batker Isabel de la Torre Tom Hudspeth 《Environmental management》2010,45(1):39-51
Humans are rapidly depleting critical ecosystems and the life support functions they provide, increasing the urgency of developing
effective conservation tools. Using a case study of the conversion of mangrove ecosystems to shrimp aquaculture, this article
describes an effort to develop a transdisciplinary, transinstitutional approach to conservation that simultaneously trains
future generations of environmental problem solvers. We worked in close collaboration with academics, non-government organizations,
local government and local communities to organize a workshop in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines. The primary objectives
of the workshop were to: (1) train participants in the basic principles of ecological economics and its goals of sustainable
scale, just distribution and efficient allocation; (2) learn from local community stakeholders and participating scientists
about the problems surrounding conversion of mangrove ecosystems to shrimp aquaculture; (3) draw on the skills and knowledge
of all participants to develop potential solutions to the problem; and (4) communicate results to those with the power and
authority to act on them. We found that the economic and ecological benefits of intact mangroves outweigh the returns to aquaculture.
Perversely, however, private property rights to mangrove ecosystems favor inefficient, unjust and unsustainable allocation
of the resource—a tragedy of the non-commons. We presented the workshop results to the press and local government, which shut
down the aquaculture ponds to conserve the threatened ecosystem. Effective communication to appropriate audiences was essential
for transforming research into action. Our approach is promising and can be readily applied to conservation research and advocacy
projects worldwide, but should be improved through adaptive management—practitioners must continually build on those elements
that work and discard or improve those that fail. 相似文献
484.
Leif Nelson James Barker Tom Li Neil Thomson Mario Ioannidis John Chatzis 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,109(1-4):82-90
A pilot scale field trial was conducted to evaluate the recovery of volatile, light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) using a novel remediation method termed supersaturated water injection (SWI). SWI uses a patented technology to efficiently dissolve high concentrations of CO2 into water at elevated pressures. This water is injected into the subsurface resulting in the nucleation of CO2 bubbles at and away from the injection point. The nucleating bubbles coalesce, rise and volatilize residual LNAPL ganglia. In this study, an LNAPL composed of 103 kg of volatile pentane and hexane, and 30 kg of non-volatile Soltrol was emplaced below the water table at residual saturation. The SWI technology removed 78% of the pentane and 50% of the less volatile hexane. Contaminant mass was still being removed when the system was shut down for practical reasons. The mass removed is comparable to that expected for air sparging but a much smaller volume of gas was injected using the SWI system. 相似文献
485.
Tom Vander Beken Nicholas Dorn Stijn Van Daele 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(4):940-948
This paper analyses some potential security risks, concerning terrorism or more mundane forms of crime, such as fraud, in management of nuclear waste using a PEST scan (of political, economic, social and technical issues) and some insights of criminologists on crime prevention. Nuclear waste arises as spent fuel from ongoing energy generation or other nuclear operations, operational contamination or emissions, and decommissioning of obsolescent facilities. In international and EU political contexts, nuclear waste management is a sensitive issue, regulated specifically as part of the nuclear industry as well as in terms of hazardous waste policies. The industry involves state, commercial and mixed public–private bodies. The social and cultural dimensions – risk, uncertainty, and future generations – resonate more deeply here than in any other aspect of waste management. The paper argues that certain tendencies in regulation of the industry, claimed to be justified on security grounds, are decreasing transparency and veracity of reporting, opening up invisible spaces for management frauds, and in doing allowing a culture of impunity in which more serious criminal or terrorist risks could arise. What is needed is analysis of this ‘exceptional’ industry in terms of the normal cannons of risk assessment – a task that this paper begins. 相似文献
486.
A proactive approach to human error detection and identification in aviation and air traffic control
In recent years, there has been a realization that total elimination of human error may be difficult to achieve. A further reduction of accidents will require a better understanding of how practitioners manage their errors in ways that consequences are contained or mitigated. With this goal in mind, the present study has set out to propose a framework of cognitive strategies in error detection that would make human performance resilient to changes in work demands. The literature regarded error detection as a spontaneous process that occurs either while an action is executed (action-based detection) or after action feedback (outcome-based detection). To help practitioners maintain a state of mindfulness and introspection, this study proposes several cognitive strategies such as, rehearsing tasks for future execution, bringing into conscious attention routine tasks, seeing how trajectories change over time, and cross-checking data for reliability. Two further detection mechanisms are proposed at the situation assessment and planning stages of performance. Awareness-based detection may include revising a model of the situation, finding hidden assumptions, and testing the plausibility of assumptions. Planning-based detection addresses issues such as, identifying uncertainties in a plan, thinking out possible errors, and deciding when and how often to review task progress. Finally, several attitudinal factors and team factors are presented that affect the processes of error detection and identification. The cognitive strategies in error detection together with the attitudinal and team factors constitute a framework for designing the content of error management training. 相似文献
487.
Wim Bonckaert Adam Tofilski Fabio S. Nascimento Johan Billen Francis L. W. Ratnieks Tom Wenseleers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):633-640
In insect societies, workers often try to challenge the reproductive monopoly of the queen by laying their own eggs. Successful
worker reproduction, however, is frequently prevented by queen policing or worker policing, whereby either the mother queen
or non-reproductive workers selectively kill worker-laid eggs. Recently, a third mechanism—“selfish” worker policing—has also
been described in which the workers selectively police worker-laid eggs but also lay eggs themselves. Here, we present results
from the monogynous wasp Dolichovespula norwegica, which show that all three kinds of policing—queen policing, worker policing and “selfish” worker policing—co-occur. The
net effect of these three kinds of policing collectively favoured the queen’s reproduction, as within 1 day 44% of the worker-laid
eggs versus only 8% of the queen-laid eggs were eaten. Of the worker-laid eggs that were killed by workers, approximately
two thirds were eaten by the reproductive workers even though these made up only a small proportion, 8%, of the work force.
This means that policing workers obtained both direct fitness benefits as well as indirect (inclusive) fitness. In addition,
we show that worker policing was carried out by a limited, specialised set of workers that was estimated to constitute approximately
one quarter of the whole colony and of which 66% were non-reproductive. 相似文献
488.
Hough RL Whittaker M Fallick AE Preston T Farmer JG Pollard SJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(3):489-498
A preliminary evaluation of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) as a novel, alternative method for identifying source correlation compounds in soils contaminated with residual heavy or weathered petroleum wastes is presented. Oil-contaminated soil microcosms were established using soil (sandy-loam, non-carbonaceous cley) amended with ballast-, crude- or No.6 fuel oil. Microcosms were periodically sampled over 256 days and delta(13)C values (which express the ratio of (13)C to (12)C) determined at each time point for five n-alkanes and the isoprenoid norpristane using gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). Although some temporal variation was observed, no significant temporal shifts in the delta(13)C values for the five n-alkanes were measured in all three oils. Isoprenoid isotope ratios (delta(13)C) appeared to be least affected by biotransformation, especially in the No.6 fuel oil. The research suggests that the delta(13)C of isoprenoids such as norpristane, may be of use as source correlation parameters. 相似文献
489.
At the new Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge in Linn County, Kansas, and Bates County, Missouri, USA, we evaluated
long-lived contaminants before acquisition of the land for the refuge. We sampled sediments at 16 locations and fish at seven
locations. The samples were analyzed for metals and for chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. Selected sediment samples also
were analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons. Arsenic concentrations in sediment samples from six locations were elevated compared
to US norms, but arsenic was not detected in any fish composite. Mercury concentrations in largemouth bass from two locations
were comparable to the 85th percentile concentrations in nationwide fish collections. Most sediment concentrations of other
metals were unlikely to have detrimental effects on biota. No chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in any sediment sample.
Chlordane compound concentrations in fish composites from two sites at the eastern end of the sampling area were 0.127 and
0.228 μg/g wet weight, respectively, which are high enough to cause concern. Most aliphatic hydrocarbons detected were found
at low concentrations and probably were natural in origin. We concluded that there are no serious contaminants concerns within
the project area, but past use of arsenical pesticides may mean a legacy of elevated soil arsenic levels in parts of the area
and some use of banned pesticides such as chlordane and DDT likely is still occurring near the refuge. 相似文献
490.