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991.
992.
Genotoxicity of oxy-PAHs to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos assessed using the comet assay
Subham Dasgupta Austin Cao Brittany Mauer Beizhan Yan Seiichi Uno Anne McElroy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13867-13876
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been recognized as important environmental toxicants. Despite a plethora of information on the fate and effects of parent PAHs, relatively little is known about the environmental fate and toxicity of ketone- and quinone-substituted PAH oxidation products (termed oxy-PAHs), particularly in the aquatic environment. This study begins to fill that gap using embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model species. The genotoxic potential of two environmentally relevant oxy-PAHs, acenaphthenequinone and 7,12-benz[a]anthracenquinone, was assessed using the comet assay. We found that both oxy-PAHs could cause significant increases in DNA damage after only 48 h of exposure at the lowest concentrations tested (5 μg/L). Comparisons of the genotoxic potential between these oxy-PAHs and their corresponding parent PAHs (acenaphthene and benz[a]anthracene) and a well-known mutagenic PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, indicated similar potencies among all five of these compounds, particularly after longer (7 day) exposures. This study demonstrates the mutagenic potential of oxy-PAHs to an in vivo fish embryo model and points out the need for further study of their environmental occurrence and biologic effects. 相似文献
993.
石油降解菌的筛选优化及其对油污土壤的修复特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分别以牛肉膏蛋白胨-布氏哈斯培养基、蓝色凝胶培养基作为初筛和复筛培养基,从石油污染土壤中筛选出2株可产生微生物表面活性剂的石油烃降解菌。并将菌株投加到油污土壤中进行修复研究,考查了不同影响因素对修复效果的影响。研究结果表明,(1)2株菌对中度石油污染土壤有较好的修复效果,向油污土壤中直接投加菌株修复70 d时对石油烃的去除率为52%;(2)向油污土壤中投加降解菌并同时补充氮营养液,修复70 d时对土壤中总石油烃的去除率可达到75%;对土壤中正构烷烃的去除率为66%;(3)与土壤的含水率及土著菌的降解效果相比,向油污土壤中投加降解菌以及补充氮磷营养液是影响石油污染土壤修复效果的关键因素。 相似文献
994.
Surface sediments collected from nine urban rivers located in Zhongshan City, Pearl River Delta, were analyzed for total concentration of metals with digestion and chemical fractionation adopting the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that concentration and fractionation of metals varied significantly among the rivers. The total concentration of eight metals in most rivers did not exceed the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soil, Grade III. The potential ecological risk of metals to rivers were related to the land use patterns, in the order of manufacturing areas > residential areas > agriculture areas. The concentration of Pb in the reducible fraction was relatively high (60.0-84.3%). The dominant proportions of Cd, Zn and Cu were primary in the non-residual fraction (67.0%, 71.8% and 81.4% on average respectively), while the percentages of the residual fractions of Cr and Ni varied over a wide range (43-85% and 24-71% respectively). The approaches of the H?kanson ecological risk index and Secondary Phase Enrichment Factor were applied for ecological risk assessment and metal enrichment calculation. The results indicated Hg and Cd had posed high potential ecological risk to urban rivers in this region. Meanwhile, there was widespread pollution and high enrichment of Cu in river sediments in this region. Multiple regression analysis showed that five water quality parameters (pH, DO, COD(Mn), NH(4)(+)-N, TP) had little influence on the distribution of metal fractionation. This result revealed that the ecological risk of metals was not eliminated along with the improvement in water quality. Correlation studies showed that among the metals, Group A (Cd, As, Pb, Zn Hg, r = 0.730-0.924) and Group B (Cr, Cu, Ni, r = 0.815-0.948) were obtained, and the metal contaminations were from industrial activities rather than residential. 相似文献
995.
Guyuan Luo Faping Bu Xiaoyi Xu Jia Cao Weiqun Shu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):55-64
Field surveys were carried out from January 2007 to December 2008 to investigate seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) transported to the Linjiang Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The results revealed that both DIN and DIP exhibited large seasonal variability. DIN (dominated by NH4?CN) concentrations were drastically higher in the dry season than those in the rainy season, and the same seasonal patterns of DIP concentrations and DIN and DIP fluxes were observed but inverse to that of DIN concentrations. The interannual variation in DIN fluxes descended by 28.2% from 2007 to 2008, while DIP fluxes increased by 40.9%, which were closely constant with interannual changes in DIN and DIP concentrations, respectively. The study indicated that nutrient fluxes (DIN and DIP) were strongly correlated with both nutrient concentrations and river discharge, and the Linjiang Bay received approximately 3,416 × 103 kg DIN and 324 × 103 kg DIP every year. In addition, DIN mainly originated from point sources, but DIP originated from non-point sources. It is shown that to control point source pollution is the most effective step for water quality improvement and reducing nutrient loading inputs in the Linjiang Bay. 相似文献
996.
黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析,应用景观生态学原理,规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究,筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、123苹果、山桃等果树品种,以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种,完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作,为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。 相似文献
997.
矿区土地复垦是实现土地可持续利用的重要环节,土地复垦中的资金落实,复垦技术利用关系到复垦工作的成败与进展快慢。 相似文献
998.
固定化微生物在好氧条件下同时硝化和反硝化 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
研究了将硝化菌和反硝化菌混合包埋 ,利用载体对氧产生的扩散阻力在颗粒内部形成好氧区、缺氧区和厌氧区 ,使硝化和反硝化两个过程有机的结合在一起 ,在好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化的新型生物脱氮技术。试验结果表明 :固定化后细胞的活力回收率≥ 70 % ;混合固定的硝化菌和反硝化菌在好氧条件下进行间歇生物脱氮时至少可稳定操作 2 2d ,其间脱氮速率约为 0 1 1kg/m3·d ;单级生物脱氮的最适 pH和温度分别是 8 2和 30℃。 相似文献
999.
1000.