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当2004年即将翻过最后一页时,肩负着祖国和人民重托的中国国际救援队,不远万里,奔赴海啸灾难最重的印尼班达亚齐,去实施国际人道主义救援。     

长江荆江分蓄洪区历史演变、前景和风险管理

依据社会经济统计数据、水文资料、遥感影像信息和实地调查资料，分析了荆江分蓄洪区在历史演变过程中形成的分洪与发展的矛盾及其在未来长江流域防洪体系中的重要作用，指出其风险管理的必要性。运用基于GIS栅格数据的二维水动力洪水动态演进模型，对荆江分蓄洪区1954年的分洪过程进行了模拟和验证，模拟了不同分洪规划方案下的洪水淹没范围，水深和水位，并结合现阶段社会经济发展情况，定量估算了农户和农业的分洪可能损失。在分洪损失评估基础上提出了荆江分蓄洪区引导人口合理发展、促进土地有效利用、开展防洪教育、实施洪水保险和确保安全运用预案等减轻洪水损失提高运用机率的洪水风险管理初步方案。     

PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Unintentional formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) is observed and investigated during the thermal desorption in...     

Citrus stand ages regulate the fraction alteration of soil organic carbon under a citrus/Stropharua rugodo-annulata intercropping system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil carbon fractionation is a valuable indicator in assessing stabilization of soil organic matter and soil quality. However, limited studies have...     

长江流域湿地现状与变化遥感研究

湿地与湿地环境问题早已引起国际与国家层面的高度关注。基于多时相卫星遥感数据（MSS、TM/ETM、CBERS 02等），以ERDAS、ARCGIS、MAPGIS等软件为平台，在长江流域系统开展了1975、2000、2007年等不同时相湿地遥感信息提取、编图及以次级流域为单元的统计分析，全面掌握长江流域主要湿地类型、面积、结构、分布现状以及30余a的湿地变化规律，分析其自然及人类地质营力作用机制，研究其变化态势，为流域内国土资源的合理开发利用提供大区域基础资料。结果表明：长江流域湿地现状总面积为7931 9×104 km2，其中河流、湖泊、沼泽、人工湿地各占4233%、2093%、1853%、1821%；湿地类型发育齐全，空间分布广，但次级流域或局域湿地分布严重不匀且[JP2]类型结构不全；从1975~2007年的30余a，湖泊湿地总量消减889×102 km2，沼泽湿地消减591[JP]×102 km2，河流湿地增加350×102 km2，人工湿地增加了6302×103 km2，湿地总量累计增加了5172×103 km2；湿地变化方式主要是面积的增减和类型的转换，变化受制于自然与人类活动地质营力共同作用；湿地变化阶段性特征明显，2000年前为湿地不良变化期，2000年后为良性缓变期，长江流域湿地环境表现为总体趋好、局域问题较多态势     

旅游景区标识系统的个性化实现路径研究——以三峡车溪民俗旅游区为例

旅游景区标识系统在展示景区形象、引导和管理旅游者、提升旅游者体验等方面具有重要作用,规范化与个性化是其设计的基本要求.在阐明景区标识系统的个性化内涵基础上,探讨了基于文化符号的个性化实现路径;以三峡车溪民俗旅游区为例,对其标识系统进行了个性化改进设计,以期为景区标识系统个性化建设提供理论指导和经验借鉴.     

Effects of fulvic substances on the distribution and migration of Hg in landfill leachate

Mercury (Hg) distribution and migration in different landfill stabilization processes were evaluated in this study. Wide ranges of Hg concentrations were observed because of the heterogeneity and variability of landfill refuse. In addition, temporally variable conditions, including pH, organic matter, and vegetation cover, which influence Hg migration in landfills, may also affect the temporal distribution of Hg in landfill refuse. The main fraction of Hg, elemental Hg, decreased with time, while the stable fractions of Hg increased. The fulvic acid (FA) extracted from the landfill leachate had much lower overall Hg-complexation stability constants, which suggests that organic S groups might have been rapidly saturated by small amounts of Hg while leaving oxygen functional groups, such as carboxylic functional or phenolic groups, acting as the primary binding sites for Hg.     

气溶胶在全混通风小室中浓度衰减的试验研究

研究了通风小室内不同粒径气溶胶颗粒(0.3 ～ 0.5 μm、0.5～1μm、1～2μm以及2～5 μm)的沉积率在6种典型室内换气次数(6.51h-1、7.81 h-1、9.11 h-1、10.42 h-1、11.72 h-1以及13.02 h-1)下的变化情况.采用安装Laskin喷嘴的QRJ-1型气溶胶发生器产生气溶胶颗粒,使用BCJ - 1D型激光尘埃粒子计数器测量室内一点的气溶胶颗粒浓度变化.结果表明,在上述6种换气次数下,气溶胶浓度的衰减均与时间近似呈对数关系.相同换气次数下,气溶胶颗粒的沉积率随着粒径的增加而增加;对于同一粒径颗粒,气溶胶的沉积率随着换气次数的增加而增加.换气次数在9.11 h-1以下时,增加换气次数对颗粒沉积率的影响显著;换气次数在9.11 h-1以上时,增加换气次数对颗粒沉积率的影响较小.在较小的换气次数下,颗粒沉积率的增加快于换气次数的增加;而在较大的换气次数下,增加换气次效时,颗粒沉积率的增加速度与换气次数基本一致,而颗粒被排风带走的比例较稳定.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.