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51.
Reporting accidents and near misses is an important aspect of safety management. This study explores reporting in contract work, exemplified by offshore service vessels, and the associations with external and internal organisational factors. The empirical foundation for the study is a questionnaire survey (N = 1108). Reporting was negatively related to high efficiency demands from external actors and low quality of feedback to the reporting community. These factors were more strongly related to reporting than internal factors within the safety climate construct. Short-term contract engagement was also negatively associated with reporting. The results could reflect the organisational complexity that characterises much contract work. The study implies that attempts to increase the level of reporting in contract work should not be limited to focusing on internal organisational factors. Framework conditions and signals from external actors regarding the actual priority accorded to safety should also be considered. 相似文献
52.
Henrik Pärn Karin M. Lindström Maria Sandell Trond Amundsen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(10):1665-1677
The optimal mating system is rarely the same for males and females—whereas males usually benefit from attracting additional
females to the territory, this could incur costs for the resident female. Females should therefore prevent prospecting females
from settling on the territory. We studied the male and female behavioral and hormonal responses to simulated female territorial
intrusions in free-living bluethroats during the pre-laying period. In the study population, polygyny occurs with potential
fitness costs for the resident female. We recorded different aspects of aggressive behavior before and after presentation
of a live female decoy and playback of female song. These behaviors were compared with a set of intrusions using a male decoy.
At the end of a trial, the birds were captured, and blood samples were analyzed for androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol
and corticosterone. During the pre-intrusion period, none of the females were observed. Females generally responded strongly
to the female decoy by increased flight rate, vocalizations, and by conspicuous perching. Nearly half of the males displayed
to the female decoy but never while the resident female was present. We suggest that resident female aggression in bluethroats
prevents courtship by her mate and signals her mating status to the female intruder. Female aggression could therefore prevent
additional females to settle on the territory and shape the mating system. Females that responded with song had higher levels
of estradiol. These findings suggest that estradiol may support aggression in breeding female birds. 相似文献
53.
David F Brakke Ame Henriksen Stephen A. Norton 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(2):247-253
ABSTRACT: Lake water sulfate values were examined for two areas in western Norway and the western United States presently receiving low levels of sulfate in atmospheric deposition. Data from these areas were used to estimate background concentrations of sulfate in lakes found in areas currently receiving acidic deposition. The two areas contain dilute lakes with concentrations of sea-salt corrected Ca+ Mg less than 50 μeq/l or conductivity < 10μS cm-1and receive precipitation with volume-weighted mean pH > 4.8. Based on observations from these areas, we conclude that background sulfate concentrations were probably no more than 10 to 15 μeq L-1for areas of Norway and the U.S. containing lakes with low concentrations of base cations. For southern Norway and the northeastern U.S., present lakewater sulfate concentrations represent an increase of 7 to 10 fold above these estimated background values. 相似文献
54.
Brugnach M Dewulf A Henriksen HJ van der Keur P 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(1):78-84
Coping with ambiguities in natural resources management has become unavoidable. Ambiguity is a distinct type of uncertainty that results from the simultaneous presence of multiple valid, and sometimes conflicting, ways of framing a problem. As such, it reflects discrepancies in meanings and interpretations. Under the presence of ambiguity it is not clear what problem is to be solved, who should be involved in the decision processes or what is an appropriate course of action. Despite the extensive literature about methodologies and tools to deal with uncertainty, not much has been said about how to handle ambiguities. In this paper, we discuss the notions of framing and ambiguity, and we identify five broad strategies to handle it: rational problem solving, persuasion, dialogical learning, negotiation and opposition. We compare these approaches in terms of their assumptions, mechanisms and outcomes and illustrate each approach with a number of concrete methods. 相似文献
55.
Trond Kongsvik Svein Åge Kjøs JohnsenSnorre Sklet 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(4):405-411
Hydrocarbon (HC) leaks are important initiating events for major accidents in the oil and gas industry. This study explores the extent to which a safety climate indicator from a survey on working conditions undertaken in an oil and gas company (n = 2188) can be used as a leading and/or lagging indicator in relation to HC leaks on 28 offshore installations. It was found that more negative safety climate scores were associated with increasing numbers of HC leaks over a 12-month period following the survey. The safety climate indicator explained more of the variance in HC leaks than technical indicators. HC leaks in the 12-month period preceding the survey did also correlate significantly with the safety climate indicator. More HC leaks during this period were associated with worse scores on the safety climate indicator. Thus, the results support that the safety climate measure could serve as leading and lagging indicator for HC leaks. The results and their possible implications are discussed. 相似文献