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101.
Tore Sderqvist Hanna Nathaniel Daniel Franzn Frida Franzn Linus Hasselstrm Fredrik Grndahl Rajib Sinha Johanna Stadmark sa Strand Ida Ingmansson Sofia Lingegrd Jean-Baptiste Thomas 《Ambio》2022,51(5):1302
Harvesting beach-cast can help mitigate marine eutrophication by closing land-marine nutrient loops and provide a blue biomass raw material for the bioeconomy. Cost–benefit analysis was applied to harvest activities during 2009–2018 on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, highlighting benefits such as nutrient removal from the marine system and improved recreational opportunities as well as costs of using inputs necessary for harvest. The results indicate that the activities entailed a net gain to society, lending substance to continued funding for harvests on Gotland and assessments of upscaling of harvest activities to other areas in Sweden and elsewhere. The lessons learnt from the considerable harvest experience on Gotland should be utilized for developing concrete guidelines for carrying out sustainable harvest practice, paying due attention to local conditions but also to what can be generalized to a wider national and international context.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01641-8. 相似文献
102.
103.
The Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
Ulf Gärdenfors†‡§ Craig Hilton-Taylor†‡§ Georgina M. Mace†‡§ Jon Paul Rodríguez†‡§ 《Conservation biology》2001,15(5):1206-1212
This paper represents a work in progress by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Earlier drafts of the work have appeared in IUCN publications, but the "International Issues" section of Conservation Biology seems an appropriate and important place to publish the penultimate version of the document. Comments on this issue in general or on the approach taken by the IUCN should be sent to the authors directly.
Joshua Ginsburg 相似文献
Joshua Ginsburg 相似文献
104.
Li Z Sjödin A Romanoff LC Horton K Fitzgerald CL Eppler A Aguilar-Villalobos M Naeher LP 《Environment international》2011,37(7):1157-1163
Burning biomass fuels such as wood on indoor open-pit stoves is common in developing regions. In such settings, exposure to harmful combustion products such as fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), carbon monoxide (CO) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of concern. We aimed to investigate if the replacement of open pit stoves by improved stoves equipped with a chimney would significantly reduce exposure to PAHs, PM(2.5) and CO. Two stove projects were evaluated in Peru. Program A was part of the Juntos National Program in which households built their own stoves using materials provided. In Program B, Barrick Gold Corporation hired a company to produce and install the stoves locally. A total of 30 and 27 homes participated in Program A and B, respectively. We collected personal and kitchen air samples, as well as morning urine samples from women tasked with cooking in the households before and after the installation of the improved stoves. Median levels of PM(2.5) and CO were significantly reduced in kitchen and personal air samples by 47-74% after the installation of the new stoves, while the median reduction of 10 urinary hydroxylate PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) was 19%-52%. The observed OH-PAH concentration in this study was comparable or higher than the 95th percentile of the general U.S. population, even after the stove intervention, indicating a high overall exposure in this population. 相似文献
105.
By mainly targeting larger predatory fish, commercial fisheries have indirectly promoted rapid increases in densities of their
prey; smaller predatory fish like sprat, stickleback and gobies. This process, known as mesopredator release, has effectively
transformed many marine offshore basins into mesopredator-dominated ecosystems. In this article, we discuss recent indications
of trophic cascades on the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Sweden, where increased abundances of mesopredatory fish are linked
to increased nearshore production and biomass of ephemeral algae. Based on synthesis of monitoring data, we suggest that offshore
exploitation of larger predatory fish has contributed to the increase in mesopredator fish also along the coasts, with indirect
negative effects on important benthic habitats and coastal water quality. The results emphasize the need to rebuild offshore
and coastal populations of larger predatory fish to levels where they regain their control over lower trophic levels and important
links between offshore and coastal systems are restored. 相似文献
106.
The increasing use of plastics in packaging materials leads to growing amounts of plastic waste. Recycling material is generally
regarded as advantageous. But in fact very few products are made from plastic waste, partly this can be explained by that
little is known about the recycling process and the properties of collected materials. There is a need for injection moulding
grades of recycled polyethylene, while large amounts of extrusion grades are available from packaging waste. A controlled
way of de-branching or partly degrading PE would be desirable. Peroxides are commonly used to crosslink polyolefins, but under
certain conditions a chain scission reaction occur. Another problem encountered with recycling of polyethylene are the poor
miscibility of low amounts contaminations, i. e. polypropylene. A compatibilizer can improve properties of such polymer blends,
in this work EPDM is used as compatibilzer. Studies of mechanical properties and viscosity measurements show that it is possible
to partly degrade PE with peroxide exposing it to high temperature and oxygen. The properties of PE/PP blends were improved
with EPDM as compatibilizer. 相似文献
107.
Johan Eriksson Ulf Skyllberg 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3010-3015
Aniline and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were equilibrated with particulate (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from an organic soil at different compositions of adsorbed major cations (Na, Al) and pH (aniline: 3.7–5.1, TNT: 4.8–5.0). After separation of POM, concentrations of 14C-labelled aniline and TNT* (including TNT degradation products) were determined in DOM size fractions using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and UV-detection. Concentrations in the <3.5 kDa size fraction were 2.8–6.0 and 8.5–9.5 times higher for aniline and TNT*, respectively, as compared to the >40 kDa fraction. Thus, both aniline and TNT* were preferentially associated to the smallest DOM size fraction. The significant binding to DOM (similar extent as to POM) and the fact that the <3.5 kDa DOM fraction was less susceptible to flocculation by major metals suggests that the mobility of aniline and TNT is highly affected by the solubility of soil organic matter. 相似文献
108.
Ingrid Öborn Jan Bengtsson Fredrik Hedenus Lotta Rydhmer Maria Stenström Katarina Vrede Charles Westin Ulf Magnusson 《Ambio》2013,42(7):823-839
To increase the awareness of society to the challenges of global food security, we developed five contrasting global and European scenarios for 2050 and used these to identify important issues for future agricultural research. Using a scenario development method known as morphological analysis, scenarios were constructed that took economic, political, technical, and environmental factors into account. With the scenarios as a starting point future challenges were discussed and research issues and questions were identified in an interactive process with stakeholders and researchers. Based on the outcome of this process, six socioeconomic and biophysical overarching challenges for future agricultural were formulated and related research issues identified. The outcome was compared with research priorities generated in five other research programs. In comparison, our research questions focus more on societal values and the role of consumers in influencing agricultural production, as well as on policy formulation and resolving conflicting goals, areas that are presently under-represented in agricultural research. The partly new and more interdisciplinary research priorities identified in Future Agriculture compared to other programs analyzed are likely a result of the methodological approach used, combining scenarios and interaction between stakeholders and researchers. 相似文献
109.
A Dynamic Simulation Model of Land-Use, Population, and Rural Livelihoods in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The dynamic interactions between society and land resources have to be taken into account when planning and managing natural
resources. A computer model, using STELLA software, was developed through active participation of purposively selected farm
households from different wealth groups, age groups and gender within a rural community and some members of Kebelle council.
The aim of the modeling was to study the perceived changes in land-use, population and livelihoods over the next 30 years
and to improve our understanding of the interactions among them. The modeling output is characterized by rapid population
growth, declining farm size and household incomes, deteriorating woody vegetation cover and worsening land degradation if
current conditions remain. However, through integrated intervention strategies (including forest increase, micro-finance,
family planning, health and education) the woody vegetation cover is likely to increase in the landscape, population growth
is likely to slow down and households’ income is likely to improve. A validation assessment of the simulation model based
on historical data on land-use and population from 1973 to 2006 showed that the model is relatively robust. We conclude that
as a supporting tool, the simulation model can contribute to the decision making process. 相似文献
110.
Sven Andersson Evalena W. Blomqvist Linda Bäfver Frida Jones Kent Davidsson Jan Froitzheim Martin Karlsson Erik Larsson Jesper Liske 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):67-78
Sulfur recirculation is a new technology for reducing boiler corrosion and dioxin formation. It was demonstrated in full-scale tests at a Waste to Energy plant in Göteborg (Sweden) during nearly two months of operation. Sulfur was recirculated as sulfuric acid from the flue gas cleaning back to the boiler, thus creating a sulfur loop.The new technology was evaluated by extensive measurement campaigns during operation under normal conditions (reference case) and operation with sulfur recirculation. The chlorine content of both fly ash and boiler ash decreased and the sulfur content increased during the sulfur recirculation tests. The deposit growth and the particle concentration decreased with sulfur recirculation and the dioxin concentration (I-TEQ) of the flue gas was reduced by approximately 25%. Sulfuric acid dew point measurements showed that the sulfuric acid dosage did not lead to elevated SO3 concentrations, which may otherwise induce low temperature corrosion.In the sulfur recirculation corrosion probe exposures, the corrosion rate decreased for all tested materials (16Mo3, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625) and material temperatures (450 °C and 525 °C) compared to the reference exposure. The corrosion rates were reduced by 60–90%. Sulfur recirculation prevented the formation of transition metal chlorides at the metal/oxide interface, formation of chromate and reduced the presence of zinc in the corrosion products. Furthermore, measured corrosion rates at 525 °C with sulfur recirculation in operation were similar or lower compared to those measured at 450 °C material temperature in reference conditions, which corresponds to normal operation at normal steam temperatures. This implies that sulfur recirculation allows for higher steam data and electricity production without increasing corrosion. 相似文献