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11.
E. Lamla Hermann Schmidt J. Linzbach F. Vogel Hans Ulrich 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1965,52(17):503-504
12.
13.
Siegfried Fleischer 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(1):2-5
引言 根系和微生物的呼吸表明土壤是一个CO2源,其释放的CO2占全球陆地呼吸所释放的CO2的一半,陆生植物直接释放的CO2构成了另一半[1,2].CO2从土壤表面直接释放到大气中或通过径流进入河流.即使在CO2产生受到完全抑制的土壤中,如在冻结和干燥土壤中无CO2产生的状态下,其最低CO2浓度被认为是地表大气中CO2的浓度[3]. 相似文献
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15.
Bizo Maria L. Nietzsche Sandor Mansfeld Ulrich Langenhorst Falko Majzlan Juraj Göttlicher Jörg Ozunu Alexandru Formann Steffi Krause Katrin Kothe Erika 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14455-14462
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of mycorrhized pine seedlings grown in the presence of lead was assessed in order to investigate how higher plants can tolerate lead... 相似文献
16.
The Role of Disaggregation of Asset Values in Flood Loss Estimation: A Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches at the Mulde River,Germany 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anja Wünsch Ulrich Herrmann Heidi Kreibich Annegret H. Thieken 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):524-541
In loss estimation there is a spatial mismatch of hazard data that are commonly modeled on an explicit raster level and exposure
data that are often available only for aggregated administrative units. Usually disaggregation methods that use ancillary
information to distribute lumped exposure data in a finer spatial resolution help to bridge this gap. However, the actual
influence of different mapping techniques and ancillary data on the final loss estimation has not been analyzed yet. In this
paper three methods are applied to disaggregate residential building assets using two kinds of land use/land cover (LULC)
data. The resulting disaggregated assets are validated and compared using census data of the residential building number on
the community and constituency level. In addition, the disaggregated assets are taken to estimate residential building losses
due to the flood in August 2002 in 21 municipalities on the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany. Losses are calculated with the
help of four loss models. In general, disaggregation helps to decrease the error variance within the loss estimation. It must,
however, be stated that the application of sophisticated disaggregation methods does not lead to significant improvements
compared to the straightforward binary method. Therefore more effort should instead be put into the provision of high-resolution
LULC data. Finally, the remaining uncertainties in loss estimation are high and demand further improvements in all modeling
aspects. 相似文献
17.
Jürgen Warrelmann Hartmut Kochler Tobias Frische Ingo Dobner Ulrich Walter Wolfgang Heyser 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(6):351-357
On the area of a former ordnance plant (‘Werk Tanne’, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany), a field experiment for phytoremediation of TNT-contaminated soils has been carried out since May 1999. The concept is based on a stepwise degradation of TNT by white-rot fungi and mycorrhiza within the rhizosphere of site-specific seedlings. An appropiate site with contaminants in the surface-soil was prepared with a large-scale soil grader and subsequently divided into different experimental plots, including an uncontaminated control as well as a contaminated plot without treatment. Planting of the selected trees and shrubs (infected with mycorrhiza during nursery) and inoculation with wood chips (inoculated with white-rot fungi) is followed by a detailed monitoring of the experimental plots (chemical analyses, biotest-battery, ecological field indicators). For the evaluation of the results, multivariate methods are applied. 相似文献
18.
Peter Leinweber Ulrich Bathmann Uwe Buczko Caroline Douhaire Bettina Eichler-Löbermann Emmanuel Frossard Felix Ekardt Helen Jarvie Inga Krämer Christian Kabbe Bernd Lennartz Per-Erik Mellander Günther Nausch Hisao Ohtake Jens Tränckner 《Ambio》2018,47(1):3-19
This special issue of Ambio compiles a series of contributions made at the 8th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW8), held in September 2016 in Rostock, Germany. The introducing overview article summarizes major published scientific findings in the time period from IPW7 (2015) until recently, including presentations from IPW8. The P issue was subdivided into four themes along the logical sequence of P utilization in production, environmental, and societal systems: (1) Sufficiency and efficiency of P utilization, especially in animal husbandry and crop production; (2) P recycling: technologies and product applications; (3) P fluxes and cycling in the environment; and (4) P governance. The latter two themes had separate sessions for the first time in the International Phosphorus Workshops series; thus, this overview presents a scene-setting rather than an overview of the latest research for these themes. In summary, this paper details new findings in agricultural and environmental P research, which indicate reduced P inputs, improved management options, and provide translations into governance options for a more sustainable P use. 相似文献
19.
Uhrner U Zallinger M von Löwis S Vehkamäki H Wehner B Stratmann F Wiedensohler A 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(4):399-408
A major source of particle number emissions is road traffic. However, scientific knowledge concerning secondary particle formation and growth of ultrafine particles within vehicle exhaust plumes is still very limited. Volatile nanoparticle formation and subsequent growth conditions were analyzed here to gain a better understanding of "real-world" dilution conditions. Coupled computational fluid dynamics and aerosol microphysics models together with measured size distributions within the exhaust plume of a diesel car were used. The impact of soot particles on nucleation, acting as a condensational sink, and the possible role of low-volatile organic components in growth were assessed. A prescribed reduction of soot particle emissions by 2 orders of magnitude (to capture the effect of a diesel particle filter) resulted in concentrations of nucleation-mode particles within the exhaust plume that were approximately 1 order of magnitude larger. Simulations for simplified sulfuric acid-water vapor gas-oil containing nucleation-mode particles show that the largest particle growth is located in a recirculation zone in the wake of the car. Growth of particles within the vehicle exhaust plume up to detectable size depends crucially on the relationship between the mass rate of gaseous precursor emissions and rapid dilution. Chassis dynamometer measurements indicate that emissions of possible hydrocarbon precursors are significantly enhanced under high engine load conditions and high engine speed. On the basis of results obtained for a diesel passenger car, the contributions from light diesel vehicles to the observed abundance of measured nucleation-mode particles near busy roads might be attributable to the impact of two different time scales: (1) a short one within the plume, marked by sufficient precursor emissions and rapid dilution; and (2) a second and comparatively long time scale resulting from the mix of different precursor sources and the impact of atmospheric chemistry. 相似文献