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61.
Maria Aurélio Filipa Faleiro Vanessa M. Lopes Vanessa Pires Ana Rita Lopes Marta S. Pimentel Tiago Repolho Miguel Baptista Luís Narciso Rui Rosa 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2663-2670
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of environmental warming on the metabolic and behavioral ecology of a temperate seahorse, Hippocampus guttulatus. More specifically, we compared routine metabolic rates, thermal sensitivity, ventilation rates, food intake, and behavioral patterns at average spring temperature (18 °C), average summer temperature (26 °C), temperatures that they endure during summer heat wave events (28 °C), and in a near-future warming scenario (+2; 30 °C) in Sado estuary, Portugal. Both newborn juveniles and adults showed significant increases in metabolic rates with rising temperatures. However, newborns were more impacted by future warming via metabolic depression (i.e., heat-induced hipometabolism). In adult stages, ventilation rates also increased significantly with environmental warming, but food intake remained unchanged. Moreover, the frequency of swimming, foraging, swinging, and inactivity did not significantly change between the different thermal scenarios. Thus, we provide evidence that, while adult seahorses show great resilience to heat stress and are not expected to go through any physiological impairment and behavioral change with the projected near-future warming, the early stages display greater thermal sensitivity and may face greater metabolic challenges with potential cascading consequences for their growth and survival. 相似文献
62.
Ashraf M. El-Sayed Andrew R. Gibb Vanessa J. Mitchell Lee-Anne M. Manning John Revell Brian Thistleton David M. Suckling 《Chemoecology》2013,23(2):93-101
In recent years, Conogethes pluto (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has become a major pest of Alpinia and other ornamental gingers in the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia. This pest damages the flowers and bores into the stems, causing substantial losses to production. Currently, no synthetic sex pheromone is available to monitor or control this pest. This work aims at the identification of the sex pheromone of this pest. Analysis of the sex pheromone gland of female C. pluto by gas chromatography/electroantennogram detector revealed the presence of seven candidate pheromone compounds that elicited electroantennogram responses. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis and micro-derivatization reactions, six compounds were identified as (E)-10-hexadecenal, as the main pheromone compound, (Z)-10-hexadecenal, hexadecanal, (E)-10-hexadecen-1-ol, (10E,12E)-hexadeca-10,12-dienal and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosa-3,6,9-triene as minor pheromone compounds. In two-field trapping experiments, C. pluto responded to the six-component blend, and three of six compounds, i.e., (E)-10-hexadecenal, (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosa-3,6,9-triene, and (10E,12E)-hexadeca-10,12-dienal were shown to be necessary for attraction. In a subsequent experiment testing various doses (i.e., 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg) of the six-component blend, the largest number of males was captured in traps baited with a lure loading of 1 mg. The availability of the sex pheromone of C. pluto will enable monitoring and provides the basis for additional control options for this pest. 相似文献
63.
64.
Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes Vanessa Ochi Agostini Sanye Soroldoni Guimarães Erik Muxagata 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(8):747-761
Cultures of the copepod Acartia tonsa are used both in aquaculture and ecotoxicology studies. However, the cultivation of these crustaceans at high densities results in the proliferation of microorganisms that can affect the organisms of interest, leading to illness or death. Antimicrobials inhibit microbial growth and may favour the cultivated species, aiding the development of ecological studies. This study investigated the potential of antimicrobials (antibiotic + antifungal) to inhibit bacteria and fungi when applied to marine zooplankton cultures, using the copepod A. tonsa as a bioindicator of acute toxicity. Treatment with 0.025?g?L?1 of penicillin G potassium + 0.08?g?L?1 of streptomycin sulphate + 0.04?g?L?1 of neomycin sulphate + 0.005?g?L?1 of nystatin resulted in 95% bacterial inhibition (after 12?h of exposure); however, after this time, the inhibitory effect was lost. The antimicrobial combination tested in this study prevented colonisation by fungi until 168?h after exposure, without causing acute toxicity to A. tonsa. Thus, it has potential for use in marine cultures of less sensitive organisms. 相似文献
65.
Epidemiological studies typically focus on single-parasite systems, although most hosts harbor multiple parasite species; thus, the potential impacts of co-infection on disease dynamics are only beginning to be recognized. Interactions between macroparasites, such as gastrointestinal nematodes, and microparasites causing diseases like TB, AIDS, and malaria are particularly interesting because co-infection may favor transmission and progression of these important diseases. Here we present evidence for strong interactions between gastrointestinal worms and bovine tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). TB and worms are negatively associated at the population, among-herd, and within-herd scales, and this association is not solely the result of demographic heterogeneities in infection. Combining data from 1362 buffalo with simple mechanistic models, we find that both accelerated mortality of co-infected individuals and TB transmission heterogeneity caused by trade-offs in immunity to the two types of parasites likely contribute to observed infection patterns. This study is one of the first to examine the relevance of within-host immunological trade-offs for understanding parasite distribution patterns in natural populations. 相似文献
66.
Edwige Vanessa Tchadji Mayoudom Evrard Nguidjoe Rose Ngono Mballa Olivia Fossi Tankoua Charles Fokunang Chimezie Anyakora Kathleen Ngu Blackett 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(12):723
Human pharmaceutical residues are a serious environmental concern. They have been reported to have eco, geno, and human toxic effects, and thus their importance as micropollutants cannot be ignored. These have been studied extensively in Europe and North America. However, African countries are still lagging behind in research on these micropollutants. In this study, the wastewaters of the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé (UTHY) were screened for the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites. The screening was carried out using two methods: high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole analyzer (LC/QQQ) and high-performance coupled to a mass spectrometer with a time of flight analyzer (LC/Q-TOF). A total of 19 active pharmaceutical ingredients and metabolites were identified and quantified. The compounds identified include paracetamol (211.93 μg/L), ibuprofen (141 μg/L), tramadol (76 μg/L), O-demethyltramadol (141 μg/L), erythromycinanhydrate (7 μg/L), ciprofloxacin (24 μg/L), clarinthromycine (0.088 μg/L), azitromycine (0.39 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole 0.16 μg/L), trimetoprime (0.27 μg/L), caffeine (5.8 μg/L), carnamaeepine (0.94 μg/L), atenolol (0.43 μg/L), propranolol (0.3 μg/L), cimetidine (34 μg/L), hydroxy omeprazole (5 μg/L), diphenhydramine (0.38 μg/L), metformine (154 μg/L), and sucralose (13.07 μg/L). 相似文献
67.
Chunyan Yang Weiwei Zhao Kui Deng Vanessa Zhou Xiaohua Zhou Yan Hou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(19):15949-15958
Autism spectrum disorders are a member of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) that have been increasing dramatically since described by Leo Kanner in 1943. In the past decade, the number of epidemiological publications addressing air pollution exposures and autism has grown correspondingly, but the association is still unclear. Whether air pollutants play a causal role and which substances are related with autism requires further study. We systematically reviewed the literature from 2005 to 2016 in MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), Web of Science, and PubMed and summarized the association between different air pollutants and autism. Furthermore, we further discussed the exposure time window and potential confounders that should be considered in the association analysis studies. Our objective is to summarize the association between different air pollutants and autism with literature, which has been published since 2005, and explore whether the exposure time window and potential confounders have influence on this association. These results could provide more comprehensive information about the association between air pollutants and autism and be helpful towards further validation study. 相似文献
68.
The arctic tundra ponds at the International Biological Program (IBP) site in Barrow, AK, were studied extensively in the
1970s; however, very little aquatic research has been conducted there for over three decades. Due to the rapid climate changes
already occurring in northern Alaska, identifying any changes in the ponds’ structure and function over the past 30–40 years
can help identify any potential climate-related impacts. Current research on the IBP ponds has revealed significant changes
in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these ponds over time. These changes include increased water
temperatures, increased water column nutrient concentrations, the presence of at least one new chironomid species, and increased
macrophyte cover. However, we have also observed significant annual variation in many measured variables and caution that
this variation must be taken into account when attempting to make statements about longer-term change. The Barrow IBP tundra
ponds represent one of the very few locations in the Arctic where long-term data are available on freshwater ecosystem structure
and function. Continued monitoring and protection of these invaluable sites is required to help understand the implications
of climate change on freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic. 相似文献
69.
Thermoplasticization of High Amylose Starch by Chemical Modification Using Reactive Extrusion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jacqueline Stagner Vanessa Dias Alves Ramani Narayan Adelaide Beleia 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):589-597
Modified thermoplastic high amylose starch (MTPS) was synthesized by reactive extrusion in the presence of maleic anhydride
(MA) as an esterification agent in a twin-screw extruder. The objective of this work was the preparation of reactive thermoplastic
starch in the presence of glycerol and with different amounts of maleic anhydride (MA) and free-radical initiator, in order
to improve processability and reactivity. The concentration of MA added varied from 2 to 6 wt% (of starch + glycerol), and
the free-radical initiator, 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, also called Luperox 101, varied from 0.1 to 0.5
wt% (of starch + glycerol). Characterization of maleated thermoplastic starch was performed using dynamic light scattering
and thermal analysis. Further, proof of chemically modified extrudate was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
and by soxhlet extraction with acetone. The modified high amylose corn starch (20 or 30% glycerol) could be pelletized and
gave pellets that were more transparent than thermoplastic starches not modified with maleic anhydride. There was negligible
change in hydrodynamic radius as the percentage of maleic anhydride increased. However, as the percentage of Luperox 101 increased,
the hydrodynamic radius decreased. It could be inferred that the molecular weight decreased as the percentage of free-radical
initiator increased. Using the maximum temperature in the extrusion process of 165 °C instead of 135 °C caused a decrease
in the hydrodynamic radius, due to the high influence of the temperature profile on the molecular weight of the thermoplastic
starch. The MTPS samples presented higher melting temperatures compared to TPS samples. The soxhlet studies indicated that
the plasticizer, glycerol, was chemically linked to the starch. Using the maximum temperature of 165 °C versus 135 °C in the
extrusion temperature profile resulted in more interaction between glycerol and starch. 相似文献
70.
Xiaodong Chen M. Nils Peterson Vanessa Hull Chuntian Lu Dayong Hong Jianguo Liu 《Ambio》2013,42(1):52-60
Rapid environmental degradation in China makes understanding how perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental attitudes and participation in pro-environmental behaviors among the Chinese people crucial. We used a nation-wide survey dataset in urban China to test two hypotheses: experiencing environmental harm directly affects environmental behavior; environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between experiencing environmental harm and environmental behavior. We found respondents who experienced environmental harm had more pro-environmental attitudes. Experiencing environmental harm positively influenced pro-environmental behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of pro-environmental attitudes. Among the pro-environmental behaviors, environmental litigation was most strongly related with exposure to environmental harm. Our results suggest that more participation in pro-environmental behaviors may be expected as rapid economic development increases public exposure to environmental harm in urban China. 相似文献