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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
91.
92.
Burachevskaya Marina Minkina Tatiana Mandzhieva Saglara Bauer Tatiana Nevidomskaya Dina Shuvaeva Victoria Sushkova Svetlana Kizilkaya Ridvan Gülser Coşkun Rajput Vishnu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1655-1672
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In recent years, the study of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment has attracted much interest as nanotechnology is becoming the key... 相似文献
93.
The pattern of growth (biomass accumulation) in Ecklonia radiata throughout the year and across a depth profile was investigated using the traditional hole-punch method, and the information presented in context with concurrently measured in situ net productivity rates. The rate of net daily productivity showed a lack of consistent seasonal variability, remaining constant throughout the year at two of the four depths measured (3 m and 12 m), and becoming higher during winter at another (5 m). Throughout the year, rates of net daily productivity differed significantly across the depth profile. Net daily productivity rates averaged 0.017 g C g–1 dwt day–1 and 0.005 g C g–1 dwt day–1 at a depth of 3 m (1,394 mol O2 g–1 dwt day–1) and 10 m (382 mol O2 g–1 dwt day–1) respectively. In contrast, the biomass accumulation rate of E. radiata was highly seasonal, with low rates of growth occurring in autumn (0.002 g dwt g–1 dwt day–1 at both 3 and 10 m) and summer (0.007 and 0.004 g dwt g–1 dwt day–1 at 3 and 10 m respectively) and higher rates in spring (0.016 and 0.007 g dwt g–1 dwt day–1 at 3 and 10 m respectively) and winter (0.015 and 0.008 g dwt g–1 dwt day–1 at 3 and 10 m respectively). The proportion of assimilated carbon used for biomass accumulation varied throughout the year, between 5% and 41% at 3 m and between 28% and 128% at 10 m. The rates of biomass accumulation at all depths represented only a small proportion of the amount of carbon assimilated annually.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin 相似文献
94.
A. V. Krusche F. P. de Garvaiho J. M. de Moraes P. B. de Camargo M. V. R. Ballester S. Hornink L. A. Martinelli R. L. Victoria 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(5):1117-1123
ABSTRACT: The spatial and temporal variability of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate concentration and total coliform (TC) were investigated at nine sampling stations distributed along the main rivers of the Piracicaba River Basin, a 12,400 km2 catchment located in São Paulo State, one of the most developed regions of Brazil. Spatially, a downstream impoverishment of water quality conditions was observed, as seen by the decrease of DO, and increase of BOD, nitrate, and TC. These changes were probably caused by accumulating downstream discharge of domestic and industrial sewage. Temporal evaluation of 18 years of data showed that DO decreased with time for the majority of the sampling stations, while BOD, nitrate, and TC increased. A law, approved at the end of 1991, proposed a new water tax for river water extraction for industrial and agricultural use. The amount of this tax is determined according to the water quality of the extracted water. Therefore, the evaluation of the water quality status in this basin is a first step to help resources managers to determine the values for this tax. 相似文献
95.
George R. Robinson Steven N. Handel Victoria R. Schmalhofer 《Environmental management》1992,16(2):265-271
With the advent of modern sanitary landfill closure techniques, the opportunity exists for transforming municipal landfills
into urban woodlands. While costs of fullscale reforestation are generally prohibitive, a modest planting of clusters of trees
and shrubs could initiate or accelerate population expansions and natural plant succession from open field to diverse forest.
However, among woody species that have been screened for use on landfills, these ecological potentials have not yet been investigated.
We examined a 14-yr-old landfill plantation in New Jersey, USA, established to test tolerance of 19 species of trees and shrubs
to landfill environments. We measured survivorship, reproduction, and recruitment within and around the experimental installation.
Half of the original 190 plants were present, although survival and growth rates varied widely among species. An additional
752 trees and shrubs had colonized the plantation and its perimeter, as well as 2955 stems of vines. However, the great majority
(>95%) of woody plants that had colonized were not progeny of the planted cohort, but instead belonged to 18 invading species,
mostly native, bird-dispersed, and associated with intermediate stages of secondary plant succession. Based on this evidence,
we recommend that several ecological criteria be applied to choices of woody species for the restoration of municipal landfills
and similar degraded sites, in order to maximize rapid and economical establishment of diverse, productive woodlands. 相似文献
96.
Trophic State in Voyageurs National Park Lakes before and after Implementation of a Revised Water‐Level Management Plan 下载免费PDF全文
Victoria G. Christensen Ryan P. Maki 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(1):99-111
We compiled Secchi depth, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a (Chla) data from Voyageurs National Park lakes and compared datasets before and after a new water‐level management plan was implemented in January 2000. Average Secchi depth transparency improved (from 1.9 to 2.1 m, p = 0.020) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011 in Kabetogama Lake for August samples only and remained unchanged in Rainy, Namakan, and Sand Point Lakes, and Black Bay in Rainy Lake. Average open‐water season Chla concentration decreased in Black Bay (from an average of 13 to 6.0 μg/l, p = 0.001) and Kabetogama Lake (from 9.9 to 6.2 μg/l, p = 0.006) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011. Trophic state index decreased significantly in Black Bay from 59 to 51 (p = 0.006) and in Kabetogama Lake from 57 to 50 (p = 0.006) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011. Trophic state indices based on Chla indicated that after 2000, Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes remained oligotrophic, whereas eutrophication has decreased in Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay. Although nutrient inputs from inflows and internal sources are still sufficient to produce annual cyanobacterial blooms and may inhibit designated water uses, trophic state has decreased for Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay and there has been no decline in lake ecosystem health since the implementation of the revised water‐level management plan. 相似文献
97.
Victoria L. Boult 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14054
Extreme weather events pose an immediate threat to biodiversity, but existing conservation strategies have limitations. Advances in meteorological forecasting and innovation in the humanitarian sector provide a possible solution—forecast-based action (FbA). The growth of ecological forecasting demonstrates the huge potential to anticipate conservation outcomes, but a lack of operational examples suggests a new approach is needed to translate forecasts into action. FbA provides such a framework, formalizing the use of meteorological forecasts to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of extreme weather. Based on experience from the humanitarian sector, I suggest how FbA could work in conservation, demonstrating key concepts using the theoretical example of heatwave impacts on sea turtle embryo mortality, and address likely challenges in realizing FbA for conservation, including establishing a financing mechanism, allocating funds to actions, and decision-making under uncertainty. FbA will demand changes in conservation research, practice, and governance. Researchers must increase efforts to understand the impacts of extreme weather at more immediate and actionable timescales and should coproduce forecasts of such impacts with practitioners. International conservation funders should establish systems to fund anticipatory actions based on uncertain forecasts. 相似文献
98.
This study set out to develop a composite road safety indicator for benchmarking countries’ road safety performance, which would combine the main layers of the road safety pyramid which describes the complex nature of road safety activities, performance and outcomes. Four groups of basic safety indicators were considered, which refer to: policy performance (road safety programmes), final road safety outcomes (fatality rates, scope of traffic injury), intermediate outcomes (wearing rates of seat belts, crashworthiness and composition of vehicle fleet, alcohol-impaired driving), and background characteristics of countries (motorization level, population density). The analysis used the data collected for 27 European countries. Weights based on statistical models were used to combine the basic indicators into a composite one. Principal Component Analysis and Common Factor Analysis weighting were examined. The composite indicators, estimated by several methods, enabled us to rank and group the countries according to their safety performance.The analysis revealed that the countries’ ranking based on the composite indicators is not necessarily similar to the traditional ranking of countries based on fatality rates only. Furthermore, it was observed that the indicators belonging to the final outcomes and intermediate outcomes are not uniform in their behaviour. Indicators which were found to be more consistent and influential and termed a ‘core set of basic indicators’ are recommended for future uses. The general conclusion is that the design of a composite road safety indicator in which relevant information from the different components of the road safety pyramid has been captured and weighted is realistic and meaningful. Such an indicator gives a more enriched picture of road safety than a ranking based only on fatality rates, which is the common practice at present. Grouping countries in this process is promising and seems to be preferable to simply ranking countries. 相似文献
99.
Victoria F. Griffiths Joseph W. Bull Julia Baker E.J. Milner-Gulland 《Conservation biology》2019,33(1):76-87
Governments, businesses, and lenders worldwide are adopting an objective of no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity that is often partly achieved through biodiversity offsetting within a hierarchy of mitigation actions. Offsets aim to balance residual losses of biodiversity caused by development in one location with commensurate gains at another. Although ecological challenges to achieve NNL are debated, the associated gains and losses for local stakeholders have received less attention. International best practice calls for offsets to make people no worse off than before implementation of the project, but there is a lack of clarity concerning how to achieve this with regard to people's use and nonuse values for biodiversity, especially given the inevitable trade-offs when compensating biodiversity losses with gains elsewhere. This is particularly challenging for countries where poor people depend on natural resources. Badly planned offsets can exacerbate poverty, and development and offset impacts can vary across spatial-temporal scales and by location, gender, and livelihood. We conceptualize the no-worse-off principle in the context of NNL of biodiversity, by exploring for whom and how the principle can be achieved. Changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity-related social impacts of a development and its associated offset can lead to social inequity and negatively impact people's well-being. The level of aggregation (regional, village, interest group, household, and individual) at which these social impacts are measured and balanced can again exacerbate inequity in a system. We propose that a determination that people are no worse off, and preferably better off, after a development and biodiversity offset project than they were before the project should be based on the perceptions of project-affected people (assessed at an appropriate level of aggregation); that their well-being associated with biodiversity losses and gains should be at least as good as it was before the project; and that this level of well-being should be maintained throughout the project life cycle. Employing this principle could help ensure people are no worse off as a result of interventions to achieve biodiversity NNL. 相似文献
100.
Lucy C. Odling-Smee Janette W. Boughman Victoria A. Braithwaite 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(12):1935-1945
Increasing evidence suggests that cognitive function is under selection in diverse taxa and that this results in different
cognitive abilities in taxa experiencing different selective environments. For example, species inhabiting spatially complex
environments might be expected to have good spatial learning ability. We investigated whether local habitat conditions influence
learning by comparing the performance of two recently diverged species of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) in a spatial learning task. The two species reside sympatrically in several lakes. Benthics occupy the spatially
structured vegetated littoral zone, whereas limnetics occupy the spatially homogenous open-water pelagic zone. We trained
fish to locate a hidden reward in a T-maze and asked whether they did so by learning a body-centred pattern of movement (turn
left or right) or by using plant landmarks. Both benthics and limnetics used turn and landmark cues, but benthics learnt the
task almost twice as quickly as limnetics. This difference is consistent with the hypothesis that benthic and limnetic sticklebacks
are equipped with spatial learning abilities well suited to the spatial complexity of their littoral and pelagic habitats.
Our findings add to the understanding of the evolution of learning. 相似文献