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101.
Groundwater samples from the shallow unconfined aquifer were collected from fifteen borewells in Kalpakkam nuclear plant site and were analysed for various physico-chemical parameters. The pH, temperature, salinity, TDS and EC were measured in the field. The borewell samples were analysed in the laboratory for Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), Cl(-), [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The Piper Trilinear diagram showed that majority of the borewell samples fall in Na - Cl +SO(4) type and Na - CO(3)+HCO(3) type. The Cl: HCO3 ratio of some borewell samples are categorized under injuriously contaminated to highly injurious type. The higher salinity levels encountered in some borewells emphasized the need for better understanding of groundwater corrosiveness. Accordingly, the Langeliar saturation Index (SI), Aggressivity index (AI) and Larson ratio (LnR) were evaluated for assessing the corrosive nature of the groundwater. The saline water incursion in the southern part of the study area increased the ionic concentration of Cl(-) and [Formula: see text] that made the groundwater corrosive. 相似文献
102.
103.
Joo-Youp Lee Yuhong Ju Sang-Sup Lee Tim C. Keener Rajender S. Varma 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):333-341
The authors have successfully developed novel efficient and cost-effective sorbent and oxidant for removing mercury from power
plant flue gases. These sorbent and oxidant offer great promise for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants
burning a wide range of coals including bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coals. A preliminary analysis from the bench-scale
test results shows that this new sorbent will be thermally more stable and cost-effective in comparison with any promoted
mercury sorbents currently available in the marketplace. In addition to the sorbent, an excellent elemental mercury (Hg(0))
oxidant has also been developed, and will enable coal-fired power plants equipped with wet scrubbers to simultaneously control
their mercury emissions as well as their sulfur oxides emissions. This will work by converting all elemental mercury to an
oxidized form which will be removed by the wet scrubber. This will result in significant cost savings for mercury emissions
control to the atmosphere, and will help in keeping electric costs low. The sorbent and oxidant will benefit from the utilization
of a waste stream from the printed circuit board (PCB) industry, and would thus be environmentally beneficial to both of the
utility and electronics industries. The sorbent also demonstrated thermal stability up to 350°C, suggesting a possibility
of an application in pulverized coal-fired power plants equipped with hot-side electrostatic precipitators and coal gasification
plants. 相似文献
104.
Singh Simranjeet Kumar Vijay Datta Shivika Dhanjal Daljeet Singh Singh Satyender Kumar Sanjay Kapoor Dhriti Prasad Ram Singh Joginder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40233-40248
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metalloids are a subset of particular concern to risk assessors and toxicologists because of their well-documented potential hazards to plant system.... 相似文献
105.
Abdulrahman A. Kehail Vijay Boominathan Karoly Fodor Vijaya Chalivendra Tracie Ferreira Christopher J. Brigham 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(2):296-307
Studies have shown that the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] possesses favorable mechanical properties for use in medical supplies and products (e.g., sutures, scaffolds, bone plates). One of the major under-addressed issues associated with the use of biodegradable, bio-based PHA polymers in resorbable medical products is the correlation between the mechanical properties and the in vivo material degradation over time. In this study, P(HB-co-17 mol% HHx) matrices were mechanically tested after either incubation in cultures of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) for in vitro degradation studies for up to 4 weeks, or inserted into Danio rerio (zebrafish) tissues for in vivo degradation studies for up to 7 weeks. The mechanical properties and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the degraded materials were examined and later correlated to understand the degradation phenomenon. Our results show that Young’s modulus of P(HB-co-17 mol%HHx) during in vitro studies decreased from 3.26 to 2.42 GPa within 4 weeks, and in vivo breakdown resulted in a significant decrease in Young’s modulus with a decrease from 3.26 to 0.51 GPa and a mass loss of 59 % within 7 weeks. SEM images showed the development of pores and cracks on the surface of the material over time. Plasticization and recrystallization were observed and likely play a role in the alteration of mechanical properties. 相似文献
106.
The present article deals with the production of bio-oil from algal biomass as well as the preparation and characterization of noble CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst for upgradation of bio-oil to biodiesel. The bio-oil has been extracted from algal biomass using hexane as solvent in soxhlet apparatus and upgraded to biodiesel by transesterification using noble CaO-based heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst with TiO2:CaO molar ratio of 0.25 and calcination temperature of 700°C has been found to be most suitable among all the catalysts developed. Characterization of the catalysts has been done by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The input--output model has been developed to correlate experimental and predicted value of biodiesel yield. Optimization of process parameters has been done using response surface methodology. Various properties and elemental composition of algal bio-oil and biodiesel have been determined and compared with biodiesel. 相似文献
107.
Novel degradation pathway of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol via 4-chlorocatechol in Burkholderia sp. RKJ 800
Pankaj Kumar Arora Alok Srivastava Vijay Pal Singh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2298-2304
Burkholderia sp. RKJ 800 utilized 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (4C2AP) as the sole carbon and energy source and degraded it with release of chloride and ammonium ions. The metabolic pathway of degradation of 4C2AP was studied and a novel intermediate, 4-chlorocatechol was identified as a major degradation product of 4C2AP using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Enzyme activities for 4C2AP-deaminase and 4-chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase were detected in the crude extracts of the 4C2AP-induced cells of strain RKJ 800. The activity of the 4C2AP-deaminase confirmed the formation of 4-chlorocatechol from 4C2AP and the 4-chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase activity suggested the cleavage of 4-chlorocatechol into 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate. On the basis of the identified metabolites, we have proposed a novel degradation pathway of 4C2AP for Burkholderia sp. RKJ 800. Furthermore, the potential of Burkholderia sp. RKJ 800 to degrade 4C2AP in soil was also investigated using microcosm studies under laboratory conditions. The results of microcosm studies conclude that Burkholderia sp. RKJ 800 was able to degrade 4C2AP in soil and may be used to remediate 4C2AP-contaminated site. This is the first report of (1) the formation of 4-chlorocatechol and 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate in the degradation pathway of 4C2AP and (2) bioremediation of 4C2AP by any bacterium. 相似文献
108.
Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh T Khillare PS Shridhar V Agarwal T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):67-77
To study the visual air quality of Delhi, size fractionated aerosols – coarse and fine fractions of PM10 – were collected and analysed for and EC at three sites with different background activities. The analysed species constitute a smaller portion of coarse fraction
(39%) but a larger portion of fine fraction (69%). The sampling was performed from June 2003 to November 2003 which covers
monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Aerosol data was used to describe the spatial variation of Visibility Range as a function
of chemical composition of visibility impairing aerosols. During the study period, visibility was found to be poor varying
between 4.7 and 13 km with an average value of 9.4 km. It is observed that visibility impairment was more due to carbonaceous
aerosol followed by sulphate. 相似文献
109.
Ritesh Vijay Veena K. Sardar Shivani S. Dhage Prakash S. Kelkar Apurba Gupta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):559-571
The rapid population growth and uncontrolled development in the coastal zone have led to major pollution impacts on creeks, estuarine, and coastal environment. Water quality models are valuable tools to understand the environmental processes for prediction of pollution impacts and evaluate future trends for management. Presently, the Malad creek in west coast of Mumbai receives wastewater and sewage from open drains and partially treated sewage from Malad and Versova treatment plants. The objective of the paper is to assess the environmental quality and estimate the extent of improvement in different parts of the creek by enhancing the collection efficiency and adequate treatment of sewage as well as disposal through ocean outfall. A hydrodynamic and water quality simulation has been carried out for the present condition in the creek and calibrated and validated with two different season data for better representation of the system. Calibrated model has been used to generate future scenarios based on various options. Among scenarios, option of treated effluent diverted to propose outfall and improvement in collection of unorganized flow through sewerage up to 40% and 60% are found most significant for biochemical oxygen demand reduction and increase in dissolved oxygen. Fecal coliform reduction is also found drastically but still very high against standard. To improve the environmental quality of the creek, still upper stretch requires more dilution and flushing due to narrow width and contribution of heavy pollution from open drains. 相似文献
110.
Evaluation of adsorption characteristics of an anionic azo dye Brilliant Yellow onto hen feathers in aqueous solutions 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Mittal A Thakur V Gajbe V 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2438-2447