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排序方式: 共有155条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
81.
Vladimir Nikolic Sava Velickovic Aleksandar Popovic 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9877-9886
Materials based on polystyrene and starch copolymers are used in food packaging, water pollution treatment, and textile industry, and their biodegradability is a desired characteristic. In order to examine the degradation patterns of modified, biodegradable derivates of polystyrene, which may keep its excellent technical features but be more environmentally friendly at the same time, polystyrene-graft-starch biomaterials obtained by emulsion polymerization in the presence of new type of initiator/activator pair (potassium persulfate/different amines) were subjected to 6-month biodegradation by burial method in three different types of commercially available soils: soil rich in humus and soil for cactus and orchid growing. Biodegradation was monitored by mass decrease, and the highest degradation rate was achieved in soil for cactus growing (81.30 %). Statistical analysis proved that microorganisms in different soil samples have different ability of biodegradation, and there is a significant negative correlation between the share of polystyrene in copolymer and degree of biodegradation. Grafting of polystyrene on starch on one hand prevents complete degradation of starch that is present (with maximal percentage of degraded starch ranging from 55 to 93 %), while on the other hand there is an upper limit of share of polystyrene in the copolymer (ranging from 37 to 77 %) that is preventing biodegradation of degradable part of copolymers. 相似文献
82.
Livia Handrova Vladimir Kmet 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):605-614
One of the major global problems in medicine is microbial resistance to antibiotics (antimicrobial resistance) and this has become an increasingly frequent research topic. This study focuses on antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli from wild birds: ten isolates from eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), nine from goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and 24 from broilers in the Slovak Republic. Twenty-two strains with presence of int1 gene were selected and examined for the presence or absence of transposon gene (tn3), genes of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. We detected sequence type (ST) in eagles ST 442 with genes iss, papC, iutA, cvaC, tsh, fyuA, iroN, kps, feoB, sitA, irp2, ireA for virulence factors and tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA for antibiotic resistance; in goshawks ST 1011 with iss, papC, fyuA, iroN, feoB, sitA and qnrS1, tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA, respectively. These ST types have been found in humans too and should be evaluated further for possible zoonotic potential and transfer of resistance genes from the environment. 相似文献
83.
Zitko V 《Chemosphere》2008,72(1):129-30; author reply 131-2
84.
Bogovski Sergei Muzyka Vladimir Sergeyev Boris Karlova Svetlana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):15-18
In order to study effects of environmental contamination, a suite of biomarkers were measured over the period 1996 to 1999 in livers of flounder (Platichthys flesus) from two urban embayments and one non-urban reference site of the Gulf of Finland in the vicinity of Tallinn, Estonia. Total cytochrorne P450 (CYP) level, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 5-amino-levulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S), and heme synthetase (HEM-S) activities were quantified by means of spectrophotometry. These data were compared to results obtained in 1994 for the same biomarkers at one of the urban embayments and the non-urban site, as measured by the same protocols. For the flounder collected from the non-urban site, changes occurred in AHH activity and the total CYP level, which were significantly lower in 1996 and 1999 compared with 1994 (p< 0.05). Activity of ALA-S de-creased slightly over this same period. The activity of HEM-S increased between 1996 and 1999. In the urban site first investigated in 1994, the activities of AHH and ALA-S, as well as the total level of CYP in flounder liver were significantly higher compared with 1999 (p< 0.05). HEM-S activities did not show any significant changes over this time period. AHH activities of flounder collected in another urban site decreased slightly between 1996 and 1999, in contrast to data on the total CYP level which diminished drastically over these years (p< 0.05). Activities of HEM-S increased significantly (p< 0.05) during the period investigated, while activities of ALA-S remained unchanged. These findings suggest that contamination of the marine environments by PAHs has gone down everywhere in the Tallinn area during the last 3 to 5 years. However, the results indicate that the area is still contaminated, as indicated by elevated heme synthesis enzymes and the total CYP content, and that monitoring of contaminants and their effects should be continued in this region. 相似文献
85.
Topsoil and Housedust Metal Concentrations in the Vicinity of a Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John S. Rieuwerts Margaret Farago Vladimir Bencko 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,59(1):1-13
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g>
-1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees. 相似文献
86.
Kolehmainen E Tuppurainen K Lanina SA Sievänen E Laihia K Boyarskiy VP Nikiforov VA Zhesko TE 《Chemosphere》2006,62(3):368-374
Two quantum chemical models have been derived for the prediction of 13C NMR chemical shifts of novel PCB acids obtained from PCBs by catalytic carbonylation. 13C isotropic shielding constants were calculated employing the GIAO (gauge-independent atomic orbital) method with density functional theory (DFT). The best results were obtained by cluster calculations, which took the solvent effects into account properly. In this approach, a solvent molecule (acetone) was attached by a hydrogen bond to every hydrogen atom present in a PCB acid, and the geometry of the molecular cluster was optimized employing the AM1 method. For 158 chemical shifts, the cross-validated standard error was 2.8 ppm and the cross-validated correlation coefficient was 0.94. 相似文献
87.
Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry:
seasonal and annual variation
Marianna?RiipiEmail author Erkki?Haukioja Ky?sti?Lempa Vladimir?Ossipov Svetlana?Ossipova Kalevi?Pihlaja 《Chemoecology》2004,14(1):31-43
Summary. The quality of tree leaves as food for herbivores changes rapidly especially
during the spring and early summer. However, whether the quality of an individual
tree in relation to other trees in the population changes during the growing season
and between years is less clear. We studied the seasonal and annual stability of
chemical and physical traits affecting leaf quality for herbivores. Rankings of trees
in terms of the contents of two major groups of phenolics in their leaves, hydrolyzable
tannins and proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), were very stable from the early
spring to the end of the growing season. There were also strong positive within-season
correlations in the levels of some other groups of phenolics in the leaves (kaempferol
glycosides, myricetin glycosides and p-coumaroylquinic
acid derivatives). The contents of individual sugars and the sum content of protein-bound amino
acids showed patterns of seasonal consistency in mature leaves, but not in young developing leaves.
The seasonal correlations in leaf water content and toughness were also strongest in mature leaves.
The correlations between two years at corresponding times of the growing season were strongly
positive for the major groups of phenolics throughout the season, but were more variable
for the contents of proteins and some sugars. Leaf toughness and water content showed strong
positive correlations in mature leaves. Despite the consistency of tree ranking in terms
of leaf phenolics, the relative resistance status of trees may, however, change during
a growing season because there was a negative correlation between the content of hydrolyzable
tannins (early-season resistance compounds) in leaves early in the season and the content of
proanthocyanidins (late-season resistance compounds) late in the season, and vice versa.
Thus, assuming that phenolics affect herbivore preference and performance, different
plants may suffer damage at different times of the growing season, and the overall
variation between trees in the fitness consequences may be low. In addition, the
adaptation of herbivorous insects to mountain birch foliage in general, as well as
to specific tree individuals, may be constrained by variation in the relative resistance
status of the trees. 相似文献
88.
Summary. The nutritive value of tree foliage for herbivores
decreases rapidly with leaf maturation, due in particular to the decline
in leaf nitrogen content. Since the amino acid content of plants differs
from the need of herbivores for individual amino acids, we examined
developmental changes in the contents of amino acids throughout the
growth season of mountain birch. The contents of free and protein-bound
amino acids, as well as essential and nonessential ones, displayed
different patterns with leaf maturation, suggesting that total nitrogen
or protein levels are poor predictors of the nutritive status of leaves.
The contents of protein-bound amino acids were 100 times higher than
those of free amino acids, indicating that the role of free amino acids
in nutrition of herbivores is probably less important than that of
protein-bound amino acids. Among protein-bound amino acids, both the
absolute and the relative contents of two nitrogen-rich essential amino
acids, lysine and arginine, decreased during early leaf growth,
presumably reducing nitrogen availability in developing leaves.
Essential amino acids were mainly positively related to each other,
suggesting the co-ordinated regulation of their synthesis. Changes in
correlations among individual free amino acids reflected developmental
changes in allocation preferences between biosynthesis pathways with
leaf growth.
Received 31 January 2003; accepted 17 March 2003.
R1D="
Correspondence to: Teija Ruuhola, e-mail: teiruu@utu.fi 相似文献
89.
Pablo Higueras Roberto Oyarzun Joze Kotnik José María Esbrí Alba Martínez-Coronado Milena Horvat Miguel Angel López-Berdonces Willians Llanos Orlando Vaselli Barbara Nisi Nikolay Mashyanov Vladimir Ryzov Zdravko Spiric Nikolay Panichev Rob McCrindle Xinbin Feng Xuewu Fu Javier Lillo Jorge Loredo María Eugenia García Pura Alfonso Karla Villegas Silvia Palacios Jorge Oyarzún Hugo Maturana Felicia Contreras Melitón Adams Sergio Ribeiro-Guevara Luise Felipe Niecenski Salvatore Giammanco Jasna Huremović 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(4):713-734
Mercury is transported globally in the atmosphere mostly in gaseous elemental form (GEM, \( {\text{Hg}}_{\text{gas}}^{0} \) ), but still few worldwide studies taking into account different and contrasted environmental settings are available in a single publication. This work presents and discusses data from Argentina, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Slovenia and Venezuela. We classified the information in four groups: (1) mining districts where this contaminant poses or has posed a risk for human populations and/or ecosystems; (2) cities, where the concentration of atmospheric mercury could be higher than normal due to the burning of fossil fuels and industrial activities; (3) areas with natural emissions from volcanoes; and (4) pristine areas where no anthropogenic influence was apparent. All the surveys were performed using portable LUMEX RA-915 series atomic absorption spectrometers. The results for cities fall within a low GEM concentration range that rarely exceeds 30 ng m?3, that is, 6.6 times lower than the restrictive ATSDR threshold (200 ng m?3) for chronic exposure to this pollutant. We also observed this behavior in the former mercury mining districts, where few data were above 200 ng m?3. We noted that high concentrations of GEM are localized phenomena that fade away in short distances. However, this does not imply that they do not pose a risk for those working in close proximity to the source. This is the case of the artisanal gold miners that heat the Au–Hg amalgam to vaporize mercury. In this respect, while GEM can be truly regarded as a hazard, because of possible physical–chemical transformations into other species, it is only under these localized conditions, implying exposure to high GEM concentrations, which it becomes a direct risk for humans. 相似文献
90.
Rajput Vishnu D. Gorovtsov Andrey V. Fedorenko Grigoriy M. Minkina Tatiana M. Fedorenko Alexey G. Lysenko Vladimir S. Sushkova Svetlana S. Mandzhieva Saglara S. Elinson Maria A. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1477-1489
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The paper presents the results of the model experiment on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in polluted soil. The influence of separate and combined... 相似文献