全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1963篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 90篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 40篇 |
废物处理 | 69篇 |
环保管理 | 202篇 |
综合类 | 337篇 |
基础理论 | 89篇 |
污染及防治 | 996篇 |
评价与监测 | 235篇 |
社会与环境 | 76篇 |
灾害及防治 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 1篇 |
2012年 | 195篇 |
2011年 | 254篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 183篇 |
2007年 | 204篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 133篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 147篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 73篇 |
2000年 | 70篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2061条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
511.
Verdonck FA Boeije G Vandenberghe V Comber M de Wolf W Feijtel T Holt M Koch V Lecloux A Siebel-Sauer A Vanrolleghem PA 《Chemosphere》2005,58(9):1169-1176
Within the context and scope of the forthcoming European Union chemical regulations (REACH), there is a need to be able to prioritise the chemicals for evaluation. Therefore, a simple, pragmatic and adequately conservative approach for the identification of substances of very low or no immediate concern at an early stage is presented. The fundamental principles and basic concepts are derived from the EU Technical Guidance Document and EUSES, and are translated into an easy-to-use rule-based system. For this development, the effect on risk characterisation ratios (RCRs) of the key environmental parameters in EUSES was quantified (taking into account several standardised chemical release scenarios). Using statistical analysis, ranges were identified for each key parameter, within which the end result of the assessment was not significantly affected. This information was then translated into a lookup table from which environmental risk characterisation ratios can be directly read as a function of a few parameters. 相似文献
512.
Beech seedlings were grown under different nitrogen fertilisation regimes (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg Nha(-1)yr(-1)) for three years and were fumigated with either charcoal-filtered (F) or ambient air (O3). Nitrogen fertilisation increased leaf necroses, aphid infestations, and nutrient ratios in the leaves (N:P and N:K), as a result of decreased phosphorus and potassium concentrations. For plant growth, biomass accumulation, and starch concentrations, a positive nitrogen effect was found, but only for fertilisations of up to 40 kg Nha(-1) yr(-1). The highest nitrogen load, however, reduced leaf area, leaf water content, growth, biomass accumulation, and starch concentrations, whereas soluble carbohydrate concentrations were enhanced. The ozone fumigation resulted in reduced leaf area, leaf water content, shoot growth, root biomass accumulation, and decreased starch, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations, increasing the N:P and N:K ratios. A combined effect of the two pollutants was detected for the leaf area and the shoot elongation, where ozone fumigation amplified the nitrogen effects. 相似文献
513.
Contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and relevant management in China 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
The status of typical persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination in many media (e.g., farm produce, soil, human milk, water, and sediments) was surveyed and China's relevant countermeasures for controlling POPs were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the proportion of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to all kinds of pesticides has descended significantly since 1983 when the OCPs were forbidden from being used. The spatial distribution characteristic of pesticide application in the whole country was as follows: southeast>central>northwest. The pesticide residues in food with high fat and high protein content were more than that in foodstuffs. The residual concentration in soil in the whole country was as follows: south>central>north. Furthermore, in vegetable fields, the residual concentration was higher than that in crop fields. As for human milk, the retained amount tended to decrease. In the recent two decades, although the reduction was 81.5%, it was still higher than that in some developed European and American countries. The rank of the residual concentrations of OCPs in different media was: human milk>animal foodstuff>soil>vegetable food>water and sediment. The initial relevant POP management in China can be traced back to 1982 when the Ordinance of Pesticide Management was enacted. Now, environmental control of POPs in China is close to the international level. The legal management system of POPs can be divided into four facets, including 3 regulations, 6 ordinances, and 20 standards. However, on the whole, most of the existing regulations do not refer to POPs directly. Only some clauses mention POPs and lack pertinent, explicit statements on POP pollution and control. Legislation is urgently needed for more effective environmental management to enhance POP control. 相似文献
514.
Utilization of washed MSWI fly ash as partial cement substitute with the addition of dithiocarbamic chelate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The management of the big amount of fly ash as hazardous waste from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) has encountered many problems in China. In this study, a feasibility research on MSWI fly ash utilization as partial cement substitute in cement mortars was therefore carried out. MSWI fly ash was subjected to washing process to reduce its chlorine content (from 10.16% to 1.28%). Consequently, it was used in cement mortars. Ten percent and 20% replacement of cement by washed ash showed acceptable strength properties. In TCLP and 180-day monolithic tests, the mortars with washed ash presented a little stronger heavy metal leachability, but this fell to the blank level (mortar without washed ash) with the addition of 0.25% chelate. Therefore, this method is proposed as an environment-friendly technology to achieve a satisfactory solution for MSWI fly ash management. 相似文献
515.
地下水铀污染的原位微生物还原与固定:在美国能源部田纳西橡树岭放射物污染现场的试验 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
吴唯民 Jack Carley David Watson 顾宝华 Scott Brooks Shelly D. Kelly Kenneth Kemner Joy D. van Nostran 吴力游 许玫英 周集中 罗剑 Erick Cardenas 黃家琪 Matthew W. Fields Terence L. Marsh James M. Tiedje Stefan J. Green Joel E. Kostk Peter K. Kitanidis Philip M. Jardine Craig S. Criddle 《环境科学学报》2011,31(3):449-459
总结了美国斯坦福大学和橡树岭国家实验室等在美国能源部田纳西州橡树岭综合试验基地进行的铀污染原位微生物修复阶段性试验结果.本试验利用微生物以乙醇为电子供体还原地下水和沉积物中的六价铀为不溶解的四价铀,使之原位固定化.随后通过加入溶解氧和硝酸盐来试验微生物还原后的地下水层中还原固定态铀的稳定性.通过预处理和长期间隔注入乙醇... 相似文献
516.
517.
Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city
in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained
unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment
samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken
in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn
in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co,
Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1–14.7, 18.5–78.9, 2.4–75.4, 7.2–29.0, 13.5–124.4, and 21.8–403.1 mg/kg,
respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations
of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations
of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations
of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment
at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated
by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0–10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30–46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were
generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified
as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30–45 cm
depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording
a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential
risk to water column under disturbance of sediment.
Foundation item: The National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (2004CB418502) 相似文献
518.
The effect of the surfactant template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline was investigated. Various MCM-41 samples were prepared by controlling template removal using an extraction method. The samples were then used as adsorbents for the removal of aniline from aqueous solution. The results showed that the MCM-41 samples with the template partially removed (denoted as C-MCM-41) exhibited better adsorption performance than MCM-41 with the template completely removed (denoted as MCM-41). The reason for this difference may be that the C-MCM-41 samples had stronger hydrophobic properties and selectivity for aniline because of the presence of the template. The porosity and cationic sites generated by the template play an important role in the adsorption process. The optimal adsorbent with moderate template was achieved by changing the ratio of extractant; it has the potential for promising applications in the field of water pollution control. 相似文献
519.
Xie Z Ebinghaus R Flöser G Caba A Ruck W 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1190-1195
The potential of triclosan (TCS) acting as an endocrine disruptor has led to growing concern about the presence of TCS in the environment. In this study, seawater samples were collected from the German Bight during sampling campaigns conducted with the German research ships Gauss and Ludwig Prandtl. TCS was determined both in the dissolved phase and in the suspended particulate matters with concentrations ranging 0.8-6870 pg L−1 and <1-95 pg L−1, respectively. High concentrations of TCS were present in the estuaries of the Elbe and the Weser, indicating significant input of TCS by the river discharge. The correlation coefficient (R2) between the dissolved concentration and salinity was 0.79 for the data obtained from the Gauss cruise, showing an obvious declining trend from the coast to the open sea. 相似文献
520.
A Pilot Study on Using Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Biomarker for Exposure to PAHs in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Zhang W Xu D Zhuang G Ding C Wang G Chang J Ren G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):387-394
To study whether the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could be the biomarker of atmospheric PAHs, a small-scale pilot study
was carried out on the relation of 1-OHP vs PAHs with the traffic policemen in Beijing of smokers and nonsmokers to be subgroups
in both the exposure and control groups. Both the PAHs and 1-OHP were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The ambient concentrations of PAHs were different at the different sites (the average sum of PAHs (TPAH) were 12.36,
16.27, 18.37 ng/m3 at the suburban residential, police station and high traffic area, respectively.), but considerably lower than the personal-exposure
concentrations (the average TPAH were 65.84 and 47.28 ng/m3 for patrol cars and inspection station, respectively). Pyrene was correlated well with BaP and the summed PAHs (TPAH), with
the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.79, 0.87 for ambient level and 0.92, 0.96 for personal exposure, respectively. The average of 1-hydroxypyrene of smokers
and nonsmokers were 0.39, 0.15 μmol/mol creatinine in control group and 0.57, 0.33 μmol/mol creatinine in exposure group,
respectively. The better correlation of pyrene to BaP and TPAH especially for personal exposure samples indicated that the
probability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, the metabolite of pyrene, to be the biomarker of total PAH. Nonsmokers in the exposure
and control groups had indistinguishable levels of 1-OHP, presumably because the ambient levels of pyrene were so similar
(the average were 3.25, 3.20 ng/m3 at the police station and high traffic area, respectively.). Smokers in the control group had significantly higher 1-OHP
than that of the nonsmokers, but showed indistinguishable differences in the exposure group. These results suggested that
urinary 1-OHP could be a biomarker of PAHs only when the level of PAHs was at a relatively higher level. Smoking as an important
influencing factor need to be controlled carefully. 相似文献