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631.
V. Withstandley W.J. Moroz G.W. Anderson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):571-573
A portable, battery-operated, electro-optical dust analyzer operating on the principle of light scattering from individual dust particles in air drawn through a high-intensity light field has been developed for monitoring dust levels where external power may be unavailable. The instrument counts and size-discriminates airborne particles over two size ranges upwards of 0.3 microns with immediate readout. A dilution mechanism permits analysis of particulate concentrations as high as 2400 particles/cm3 on each channel. The self-contained Ni-Cd batteries are rechargeable. Total weight, including batteries and all components, is approximately 14 Ib. Total power used, mainly for pumping a filtered air sheath at 300 cm/sec and for the light source, is less than 34 watts. Another unique feature is the flow system designed for turbulence suppression. Electronic calibration in terms of number of particles/cm3 for each size range is accomplished in the laboratory by means of a pulse generator with respect to which the readout indicator is calibrated for count. The input voltages to the pulse-height discriminators are appropriately attenuated for various pulse amplitudes simulating the output of the light-sensitive pickup, a photomultiplier tube.Pulse height as a function of particle size was measured for polystyrene latex beads ranging from 0.3 to 2 microns in diameter. Good correlation is obtained with results from commercial analyzers. Field surveys have been undertaken with the CAES prototype analyzer at various sites in central Pennsylvania and at numerous sampling points within the cities of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. Particulate concentrations as high as 1400 particles/ cm3 have been measured at a coal cleaning plant. 相似文献
632.
W. Siu D.A. Levaggi L. Potter R. Martin M. Feldstein 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):636-638
The tape samplers using lead acetate impregnated paper tapes for continuous hydrogen sulfide sampling are subject to a number of errors which can throw considerable doubt on the accuracy of H2S concentrations being measured. Some of the errors have been minimized with a change in the humidification system and a reduction of the lamp intensity in the optical system. 相似文献
633.
Wesley C. L. Hemeon Arthur W. Black 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):516-518
The Environmental Protection Agency has recommended or specified methods for the measurement of participate concentrations in flue gases. The EPA Train for this measurement originally comprised two segments: the front half and the impinger train downstream from the filter proper. This review examines the controversial areas implicit in the use of this EPA Train or the revised EPA train which eliminates the impinger train. 相似文献
634.
David G. McFarland Joseph W. DeNardo Walter G. Popiel 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):825-827
Verification of forecasts of COH levels at the Downtown Sampling Station using our objective forecast method developed in conjunction with the Allegheny County Bureau of Air Pollution Control gave excellent results. The next step was to expand the area of forecast coverage. COH data taken from July 1968 through June 1969 from six sampling stations located roughly in a large concentric arc around the Downtown Station were studied. Three of the stations are located in river valleys near large industrial plants and the other three are located on higher terrain in suburban areas. COH levels of Low, Moderate, High, and Very High (where Low = 0–0.9, Moderate = 1.0–1.9, High = 2.0–3.0, and Very High = >3.0) were used. The total number of occurrences of High and Very High COHS at the Downtown Station was 10.7% of the total data sample. This was more than twice the frequency of any of the outlying stations. An evaluation of the statistical frequencies indicate the Downtown Station can safely be used as a “control station” in forecasting Low or Moderate COH levels for the six surrounding stations. However, the occurrence of High or Very High COH levels at the six outlying stations do not occur with a high enough statistical consistency to be predicted by using the forecast value of the Downtown Station. The valley stations exhibit the characteristics of separate sub air basins particularly during a period in which morning inversions occur for two or more consecutive days and the average daily wind speed does not exceed 4 m/sec. The results show it is possible to forecast only Low or Moderate COH levels for each of the six outlying stations by using statistical correlations derived from the Downtown Station. Separate objective forecasts which relate the pollution buildup in each valley sub air basin must be used when High or Very High COHS are forecast at the Downtown Station. 相似文献
635.
Robert W. McMullen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1057-1058
Calculations of pollutant concentrations at various downwind and crosswind distances from an elevated point source are frequently based on diffusion models and parameter values contained in Turner’s Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates.1 These calculations can be made much more speedily on a computer or on a currentgeneration, programmable desk calculator, if the values of the horizontal and vertical standard deviations of plume concentrations distributions are stated explicitly as a mathematical function of downwind distance. The alternative is to read the values from Turner’s Figures 3-2 and 3-3 and input them into the calculation for each individual value of downwind distance. 相似文献
636.
William W. Moyer Fred P. Osman 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1155-1157
Portable air quality monitoring systems may be required to supplement fixed installations or to provide for quick response to a transient situation, possibly at a remote location. A microprocessor-based monitoring unit has been developed for use with existing sensors. The unit is portable and its operational sequence can be programmed to adapt it to any unique requirements existing at the deployment site. Selectable on-site calculations are performed on raw data, and a hard copy or tape record of results can be produced. 相似文献
637.
J. Stuart Fordyce Dean W. Sheibley 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):721-724
Samples of ASTM type A jet fuel were analyzed for trace element content by instrumental neutron activation techniques. Forty-nine elements were sought. Only ten, aluminum, gold, indium, lanthanum, titanium, vanadium, barium, dysprosium, tellurium, and uranium, were observed at levels above the detection limits encountered; of these only aluminum, titanium, and barium were present at concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm. Estimates of exhaust gas. concentrations are made, and the ambient contribution at or near airports is calculated by using the Los Angeles International Airport dispersion model. It is shown that the ambient contribution is about an order of magnitude below typical urban levels for virtually all elements sought. 相似文献
638.
Michael J. Massey Robert W. Dunlap 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1019-1027
Two processes are currently being employed in North America for the desulfurization of coke oven gas, the Vacuum Carbonate System, and the Stretford System. A third, the Sulfi-ban Process, which was recently announced, now has several plants scheduled for construction. Overall operating requirements for each of these processes are considered in detail. Emphasis is placed on an identification of power and steam requirements, the types and amounts of solid and/or liquid waste streams produced together with methods for their treatment, and the net desulfurization efficiencies achieved by each process. Detailed estimates of capital and operating costs for desulfurization are considered, and equipment needs for environmental control requirements are discussed. 相似文献
639.
J. G. Munson Jr. R.E. Lewis G.T. Weber W.E. Brayton 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1059-1062
At the Clairton Coke Works of the United States Steel Corporation (the world’s largest coke plant), with coal charges of about 30,000 net tons per day, a system designated as “stage charging” has been developed for charging coal into the coke oven chamber without emissions to the atmosphere. The principles of the system are based on controlled sequential flow of the coal from the charging hoppers, during which the oven chamber is maintained under a very slight negative pressure condition by use of steam aspiration in the offtakes for on-the-main charging. The techniques are basic but require knowledge of the coal characteristics, adequate and properly maintained aspirating systems, including clean offtake piping, control of coal volume in the individual hoppers, and last, and probably most important, adherence by the operating crew to specific charging and leveling practices. 相似文献
640.
Performance and Cost Comparisons between Fabric Filters and Alternate Participate Control Techniques
J.D. McKenna J. C. Mycock W.O. Lipscomb 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1144-1148
A study was conducted to evaluate performance and cost comparisons of fabric filters and alternate fine particulate control techniques. In relating the removal of fine particulate to costs, due to the lack of fractional efficiency data, it was found necessary to treat a specific application in order to make the study manageable. The case chosen is that of the coal fired industrial boiler since Enviro-Systems has a pilot program in this application area. 相似文献