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731.
732.
污泥中的有机质、营养成分可为农业生产提供重要的有机肥源,但污泥中的重金属是制约污泥农用的重要因素,为检验污泥堆肥施用后对作物及土壤的影响,文章对污泥与稻草或木屑堆肥的产品进行了盆栽试验研究。结果表明,污泥与稻草或木屑的堆肥作为肥料施用于萝卜(Brassicacampestris)和菜心(Brassicaparachinensis),产量明显提高,部分堆肥产品增产效果优于化肥,且后效明显。堆肥施用使土壤中有机质、各养分含量增加,微生物活动增强、数量增加,然而作物和土壤中的重金属含量也有不同程度的提高。 相似文献
733.
The machair sand dune systems of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland are a unique habitat, which is rare within both a global and
European context. Unusually, the machair habitat also represents an agricultural resource that is very important to the Hebridean
people, having been subject to both grazing and cultivation throughout the historical period. Following designation as an
Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) in 1988, the machairs of South Uist have been studied with the aim of understanding the
links between agricultural practice and their plant community and ecosystem dynamics. This research focused primarily on the
effects of cultivation practices and their role in maintaining plant species richness and community and ecosystem stability.
Within two carefully selected areas, the successional plant communities of machair at different stages of recovery following
ploughing and cultivation of cereals and potato patches or ‘lazy beds’ were identified at both a macro- and micro-level. Investigations
of the vegetation recovery processes on turves taken from newly ploughed land indicated that the initial stages of recolonization
are characterized primarily by rapid vegetative reproduction and growth, although re-vegetation by seeds is also an important
factor. The implications of these findings for the long-term management of machair plant communities are discussed and in
particular the need to maintain old cultivation practices such as shallow ploughing. The need for more detailed research into
both seed banks and seed rain and into processes of vegetative reproduction is stressed.
Nomenclature: Clapham et al. (1981) and Stace (1991, 1997) for vascular plants; Hubbard (1984) for grasses; Pankhurst & Mullin (1991) for
the regional flora; Dobson (1992) for lichens; Watson (1981) for mosses and liverworts. 相似文献
734.
The surface colour and temperature fields of the Mediterranean Sea, as appearing in time series, of basin-wide images available in the CZCS (1979–1985) and AVHRR (1982–1991) historical archives, differentiate between basin interior and continental margins affected by coastal patterns, river plumes, and mesoscale features. The original data were processed to apply calibration factors, to correct for atmospheric contamination, and to estimate chlorophyll-like pigment concentration and surface temperature. Composites were derived, as monthly and annual means, using a fixed equal-area projection with a 1-km2 pixel grid. Enhanced pigment values and lower temperatures along the northern coastal areas (i.e. the Ligurian, Provençal and Balearic basins, as well as the Adriatic, and Aegean Seas) have been associated with the impact of runoff from continental margins (i.e. both a direct impact due to the sediment load and one induced on the planktonic flora by the associated nutrient load) and with vertical mixing due to the prevailing winds (i.e. the Mistral in the northwest, the Bora in the Adriatic, the Etesians in the Aegean). The pattern of increasing pigments and decreasing temperatures in seen to develop in the monthly images from the coastal zone towards the open sea from summer to winter, and then back from winter to summer. The southern coastal areas show different values, namely lower pigments and higher temperatures (except in areas where the data are altered by signal contamination). It is suggested that differences in geomorphology and meteorology of the basin margins have an impact on both water biogeochemistry and dynamics, influencing the biooptical and thermal properties of the various sub-basins, and of the entire Mediterranean region. 相似文献
735.
G. S. Kalacheva E. S. Zadereev V. G. Gubanov I. V. Gribovskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(2):113-117
The chemical composition of water conditioned by colonies ofMoina macrocopa and involved in the regulation of their life cycle was analyzed in comparison with water samples from natural water bodies.
Dechlorinated tap water was used as the control medium. The results showed that metabolism of crustaceans leads to an increase
in the concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in all forms, the appearance of protein and carbohydrate fractions, and changes
in the composition of lipid fractions in the water conditioned by their colonies. The contents of all organic components are
very low, which makes their identification difficult. Concentrations of substances identified in the conditioned water do
not exceed those occurring in nature. 相似文献
736.
Gradients of genetic distances (GGDs) between 26 adjacent cenopopulations of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) along the transects through the distinct landscape-ecotopic isolation borders were analyzed graphically. The results
made it possible to reveal and quantitatively estimate gradients and borders of gene-pool structural patterns in populations
of this species in the central part of Northern Eurasia. In lowland areas, the most distinct borders were found between pine
populations growing on dry lands and bogs (Pineta sphagnosa) in the forest zone of the Transural region, as well as between the Arakaragaiskii and Amankaragaiskii island pine forests
in the steppe zone (Northern Turgai). In highland areas (the Urals and the Carpathians), the greatest GGDs were observed between
low-mountain (about 600 m above sea level) and middle-mountain (850–900 m) populations. Analysis of GGDs is a promising gene-geographic
method for determining population borders and studying the chorogenetic structure of species. 相似文献
737.
738.
The interactions of zebra mussels, invertebrates, fish, and microorganisms were studied experimentally. Trends in the distribution
of total bacterial biomass, the abundance of heterotrophic organisms, and their functional activities in water and grounds
were analyzed. The most favorable conditions for development of bacteria developed in June, in the presence of fish and without
zebra mussels. In experimental ecosystems with zebra mussels, a decrease in the abundance and activity of microorganisms and
a change of dominant yeast forms were observed. 相似文献
739.
Makarov M. I. Kadulin M. S. Turchin S. R. Malysheva T. I. Aksenova A. A. Onipchenko V. G. Menyailo O. V. 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2019,50(4):337-342
Russian Journal of Ecology - Abstract—The study of the effect of mycorrhiza symbiosis on the transformation of carbon and nitrogen compounds in soils is important in view of the necessity to... 相似文献
740.
Vasil’ev A. G. Bol’shakov V. N. Vasil’eva I. A. Gorodilova Yu. V. Chibiryak M. V. 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2019,50(4):361-371
Russian Journal of Ecology - A simultaneous analysis of the chronographic variation of the mandible of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Shreb.) in three longitudinally distant populations that... 相似文献