Marginal bleaching of thalli of Rhizocarpon as evidence for acid rain in the Norra Storfjället, Sweden

Recent lichen surveys in the foreland of The Syterb?cken glacier reveal that the crustose lichens, principally species of Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon, exhibit marginal bleaching, readily distinguishable from normal pigmented forms. The largest elliptical thallus of Rhizocarpon measured 290 mm maximum diameter on a bedrock outcrop beyond the margin of Little Ice Age moraines in the upper Syterb?cken Valley. Many small and large thalli of Rhizocarpon suffered damage to the periphery of individual thalli. We examine here some of the possible hypotheses explaining these occurrences. Among others, these are bedrock lithology, ice crystal blasting, long-term snowbank cover, ultraviolet exposure and acid rain. While at this time none of the possibilities can be ruled out entirely, acid rain would appear to be at least one of the factors involved. Acid rain, which is known to produce a soil pH as low as 3.3 in the field area, appears to provide a high input of H(+) ions that the lichen algal component cannot withstand. However, the lack of similar effects on associated foliose or fruticose forms raises the possibility that perhaps two or more factors specific to the environment of Rhizocarpon are operating.     

用液相催化法和脱硫除尘器脱除烟气中SO_2

在由旋风水膜和两块旋流塔板组成的处理气量为７５０ｍ￣３／ｈ的二级脱硫除尘器中，进行了用含催化剂Ｍｎ￣（２＋）的水溶液吸收ＳＯ_２的扩大试验。结果表明，在确定的条件下，脱硫率达到７３％，板效率为０．２５～０．２８。在同一设备中同时完成除尘与脱硫过程，设备投资少；以水为吸收剂，运行费用低；中性条件下吸收，长期运转不结垢，可靠性高。     

中国黄土元素背景值分异规律研究

报道了中国黄土中40个元素的背景值,并以F、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、V、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd、Pb、Hg等13个元素为例,讨论了其在黄土高原的分布与含量。利用趋势面分析等数理统计方法,揭示了黄土中元素的某些环境地球化学特征及元素背景值的分异规律。结果表明,黄土的元素背景值具有三维的分异特征,黄土的质地及沉积的生物气候环境黄土是影响背景值分异的主要因素。为中国黄土的风成学说提供了佐证。     

Heavy metals in water bodies purified by suspended substrate of rivers

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｗａｔｅｒｂｏｄｉｅｓａｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｔｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｍｉｃｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｌｙｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｏｒｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄ .Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｐｕｒｉｆｉｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｉｒａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｏｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｓｉｎｒｉｖｅｒｓ.Ａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｏｎｒｉｖｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｕｂ…     

GHG emission reductions and costs to achieve Kyoto target

Emission projection and marginal abatement cost curves (MACs) are the central components of any assessment of future carbonmarket, such as CDM (clean development mechanism) potentials, carbon quota price etc. However, they are products of very complex,dynamic systems driven by forces like population growth, economic development, resource endowments, technology progress and so on. The modeling approaches for emission projection and MACs evaluation were summarized, and some major models and their results were compared.Accordingly, reduction and cost requirements to achieve the Kyoto target were estimated. It is concluded that Annex I Parties‘ total reduction requirements range from 503--1304 MtC with USA participation and decrease significantly to 140--612 MtC after USA‘ s withdrawal. Total costs vary from 21--77 BUSD with USA and from 5--36 BUSD without USA if only domestic reduction actions are taken. The costs would sharply reduce while considering the three flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol with domestic actions‘ share in the all mitigation strategies drons to only 0--16%.     

Kinetics of continuous biodegradation of pesticide organic wastewater by activated carbon-activated sludge

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮｏｖｅｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｃａｒｂｏｎａｎｄａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｓｌｕｄｇｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｈａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｔｓｅｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅＣＯＤｉｎｔｏｘｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｃｗａｓｔｅｗａ...     

Uranium enrichment by the separation-nozzle process

The Science of Nature - The development of reliable manufacturing methods for commercial separation elements, the successful operation of separative stages, and extensive tests performed on plant...     

三峡大坝对重庆城区水环境的影响及对策

本文在假定城区排污量维持1990年水平的条件下,用计算机模拟了三峡大坝建成后重庆城区长江、嘉陵江岸边污染带增宽的情况。同时,借助水质模型模拟的2000年时城区的水质状况和城区两个控制断面上的多年监测浓度值,用灰色理论预测了三峡水库形成后重庆城区的实际岸边污染带宽度和九种污染物的断面平均浓度。最后,提出一套最佳的对策方案及投资估算。     

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床成因关系的探讨

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床存在着密切的空间联系，其成因关系一直是矿床学界争论的焦点，目前传统的岩浆热液成因观点仍居统治地位。随着地质资料的积累，高温高压实验技术，尤其是金矿床同位素定年技术的进展，传统观点受到了严峻挑战。成岩成矿的时代与时差、成矿流体的来源和成矿物质的来源等确定金矿床成因类型关键因素的综合研究表明，有密切空间关系的金矿床与花岗岩类岩体之间，在多数情况下两者并无直接的成因联系，金矿床不是岩浆热液成因，而是与大气降水或建造水有关的改造成矿作用的产物。     

The effect of NADH on different human and mouse cell lines

Part of the work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, and from the Carl Zeiss, Hoechst, and Ernst Leitz companies. Special thanks are due to Dr. K. Wahn, Department of Virology, University of Giessen, for conducting the electron microscope and phase-contrast investigations, to Prof. G. Sauer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, and Dr. W. R. Willems, Department of Medical Virology, University of Giessen, for supplying the different cell lines.