非色散原子荧光光谱法测定地质试样中的金

<正> 火焰原子吸收光谱法已广泛用来测定各类试样中的金。然而,要在许多地球化学勘探试样的酸分解溶液中进行金的直接测定,该法还不够灵敏。使用碳棒或炉原子化技术可使灵敏度得到显著改善,但是,岩石和土壤试样中通     

用多硫化物同时去除高浓度含氰电镀废水中氰和重金属的研究

研究表明,用多硫化物处理高浓度含氰电镀废水的同时,亦可有效地去除废水中的重金属,其方法操作简便。本文对实际应用中所需的工艺条件、反应产物硫氰化物的去向、残余多硫化物的处理、多硫化物的合成、反应热效应等进行了研究,取得了满意的结果。     

礁与成矿作用

<正> 虽然人们早已确定一些金属矿床(铅、锌、铝、锰等)与古礁有着密切的空间关系,但是,对这种关系的意义却有着不同的解释。一些研究者认为,礁与金属矿化的这种关系是偶然性的,另一些研究者认为它是有成因联系的。许多国家碳酸盐岩中层状铅锌矿床的研究,揭示了一些新的事实,如层状多金属矿化常赋存于礁成碳酸盐骨架中。这就使得有可能以层状多金属     

非洲中部生态系统的碳排放及碳截留潜力

<京都议定书>中的<气候变化框架公约共同行动计划>和<清洁开发机制>要求对目前生态系统的碳蓄积、碳通量及碳截留潜力进行科学的理解,特别是对于碳贮库大但碳排放显著的、存在大面积和可重新造林土地的热带生态系统的了解.非洲中部拥有世界上10%的现有热带湿润森林,但有关该地区的碳研究甚少.1980年,非洲中部生态系统地上部分的碳蓄积为28.92Pg,到1990年则减少到24.79Pg.以增加生物量碳密度为目标而改善的森林管理能够截留18.32Pg的碳,到2050年还有超过50万km2原为森林的土地可以重新造林,从而增加截留10Pg的碳.了解生物量碳蓄积及其潜在截留量的空间分布对于通过<共同行动计划>和<清洁开发机制>所启动的碳贸易行动具有重大的意义.     

专家小组支持美国环境保护局对二的评价

由美国环境保护局(EPA)科学顾问委员会(SAB)聘请的一个由局外科学家组成的专家小组在2000年11月初支持EPA关于二的评价报告,称该长篇报告"总体上讲是一份非常好的报告和对二问题的综合描述."但专家小组组长纽约大学的环境科学家Morton Lippman敦促EPA"澄清"一些结论,特别是关于癌症危险的结论.专家小组的支持让EPA松了一口气,因为1994年的评价报告初稿受到类似专家小组的尖锐批评,认为其忽视了科学不确定性.2000年的再度评价仍然认为二会引起一系列健康问题如发育迟缓、免疫力影响、子宫内膜移位和致癌.17名来自学术界、工业界和咨询公司的科学家还对部分内容提出批评,例如有些成员提及EPA假设二的影响是线性的并且没有阈值;辛辛那提大学教授Roy Alberts则称该报告关于致癌的陈述"太片面".关键问题是应采取何种步骤减少食品供应中的二 ,美国国家科学院的一个委员会将考虑这一问题. 江年摘自《Science》, November 10,1071(2000)     

Prediction of the concentration of chlorophyll-α for Liuhai urban lakes in Beijing City

Introduction The eutrophication of fresh w ater has becom e a m ain w ater environm ental problem in the w orld. The m ain negative im pacts of fresh w ater eutrophication are w ater quality deterioration and the decrease of hydrophytes and aquatic specie…     

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

考虑声散射的街道交通噪声预报模型

提出一种预报典型的两侧密集分布建筑物的城市街道交通噪声ＬＡ１０和ＬＡｅｑ声级的计算机仿真模型。模型依据一种修正的虚声源原理。它不仅考虑发生于建筑方面的镜象反射和表面吸收，而且考虑了由于墙面的粗糙性所引起的发生于有限尺寸建筑表面声散射的影响。与实测比较表明本模型可得出良好的预报结果。通过对散射强度加以变化可估计表面声散射对预报声级的影响。结果表明，即使在一个相当混响的场合，镜象反射声能对扩散反射声能     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

草浆造纸中段废水的生物处理动力学

利用静态溶解氧消耗速率（OUR）试验模拟草浆造纸中段废水生物处理的生化反应过程,并运用Lawrence-McCarty模式进行了动力学分析。由OUR试验结果和小试研究结果建立的草浆造纸中段废水好氧生物处理的动力学方程为v=0.72S/(60.43 S）。将该动力学方程预测结果和实际工程的运行数据进行了比较,结果表明,动力学方程的比基质降解速率预测值高于实际工程的计算值,分析原因可能在于：实际工程中中段废水中的纤维素类悬溪物在生物处理装置的积累导致了污泥活性的降低。