基于碳数分段法的石油烃污染土壤异位热脱附工艺的优化

针对石油烃污染土壤成分复杂、污染严重、修复难度高的问题,采用适用性广、效率高且去除彻底的异位热脱附技术修复石油烃污染土壤。利用碳数分段法及室内模拟实验,探究在热脱附过程中的土壤粒径、含水率和有机质对石油烃及各组分热解吸效率的影响;另外,还采用响应面法对各影响因素进行了优化,以获得异位热脱附修复石油烃污染土壤的最优工艺参数。结果表明,当污染土壤粒径高于1 mm时,石油烃脱附效率均可达90%以上,且粒径越大土壤颗粒中石油烃去除率越高。其中,润滑油段(ORO, C28~C40)组分的脱附效率随粒径变化最为明显。当土壤含水率为15%、脱附时间为50 min时,石油烃脱附效率最大为52.63%。另外,土壤中有机质含量越低,越利于石油烃的脱除,且高温(400~500 ℃)条件下可基本消除土壤中高含量有机质(3.82%)对石油烃脱除的阻碍作用。响应面优化实验得到的最佳工艺参数条件为,粒径2 mm、有机质含量1.44%、含水率为17.68%,在此条件下的石油烃脱附去除效率可达65.32%。该研究结果可为热脱附技术在石油烃污染场地的实际应用提供参考。     

基于SNADPR作用的复合式人工快速渗滤系统的运行性能及微生物学特征

将基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)作用的人工快速渗滤(CRI)装置与反硝化除磷(DPR)型CRI装置耦合为基于同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化和反硝化除磷(SNADPR)作用的复合式人工快速渗滤(H-CRI)系统,探究了其运行性能及微生物学特征。当H-CRI系统按照内循环潮汐流模式连续运行时,反应装置在水力负荷为0.18 m3·(m2·d)−1的条件下对生活污水中有机物、TN、$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $-N和TP的去除率分别可达(94.39±1.32)%、(97.87±0.43)%、(99.00±0.32)%和(95.96±2.79)%。其中,CANON反应与生物蓄磷作用分别是系统脱氮除磷的主要途径,两者去除的氮磷量分别占H-CRI系统脱氮除磷总量的(72.13±6.12)%和(82.29±5.58)%。结合分子生物学实验结果可知,适宜的耦合模式有助于实现H-CRI系统中好氧氨氧化微生物、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌和聚磷菌群的有效协作,进而可促进SNADPR反应体系在其中形成并强化,实现对生活污水中有机物及氮磷元素的高效同步去除。     

Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of cotton straw–derived biochar on soil nitrogen transformation in drip-irrigated cotton field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been widely accepted as a soil amendment to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency, but the effect of biochar on N transformation metabolic...     

Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C)...     

Indirect effect of nutrient accumulation intensified toxicity risk of metals in sediments from urban river network

The levels of metals in sediments of urban river ecosystems are crucial for aquatic environmental health and pollution assessment. Yet little is known about the interaction of nutrients with metals for environmental risks under contamination accumulation. Here, we combined hierarchical cluster, correlation, and principal component analysis with structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the pollution level, source, toxicity risk, and interaction associated with metals and nutrients in the sediments of a river network in a city area of East China. The results showed that the pollution associated with metals in sediments was rated as moderate degree of contamination load and medium-high toxicity risk in the middle and downstream of urban rivers based on contamination factor, pollution load index, and environmental toxicity quotient. The concentration of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) showed a significant correlation with toxic risks, which had more contribution to toxicity than other metals in the study area. Organic nitrogen and organic pollution index showed heavily polluted sediments in south of the study area. Though correlation analysis indicated that nutrients and metals had different input zones from anthropogenic sources in the urban river network, SEM suggested that nutrient accumulation indirectly intensified toxicity risk of metals by 13.6% in sediments. Therefore, we suggested the combined consideration of metal toxicity risk with nutrient accumulation, which may provide a comprehensive understanding to identify sediment pollution.

Toxicity rate of metals in sediments from urban river network indirectly intensified by nutrients accumulation

     

某燃煤超低排放机组非常规污染物脱除

燃煤电厂非常规污染物的排放尚未引起足够的重视。为全面表征燃煤电厂非常规污染物脱除性能,针对某1 000 MW燃煤超低排放机组,分别采用FPM和CPM一体化采样系统、安大略法(OHM)、控制冷凝法、HJ 646-2013规定的有机物测试方法,系统研究了CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs等非常规污染物的梯级脱除特性。结果表明：100%、75%负荷时低-低温电除尘系统对CPM脱除率分别为87.15%、92.20%,湿法脱硫分别为49.65%、45.55%,不同负荷下FPM分别为3.6、4.4 mg·m⁻³,但CPM却分别达14.2、15.3 mg·m⁻³,CPM的浓度远超FPM;低-低温电除尘系统脱Hg效率为64.81%,整个系统的脱Hg效率为75.5%,Hg^p全部被脱除,剩余的是难以脱除的Hg⁰、Hg²⁺,脱除率分别为为63.01%、64.29%,Hg⁰排放浓度为5.4 μg·m⁻³,Hg²⁺排放浓度为0.5 μg·m⁻³;SCR脱硝催化剂将SO₂氧化成SO₃的转化率约为0.7%,低-低温电除尘系统可脱除88.7%的SO₃,湿法脱硫对SO₃的脱除率为29.63%,最终SO₃排放浓度为1.9 mg·m⁻³;全系统对16种PAHs脱除率达94.25%,其中,气相、固相脱除率分别为91.61%、99.27%,最终气相、固相PAHs排放浓度分别为2.39 μg·m⁻³和0.11 μg·m⁻³。现有超低排放设备对非常规污染物均有不同程度的协同脱除效果,满负荷条件下该机组CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs排放浓度分别为14.2 mg·m⁻³、5.9 μg·m⁻³、1.9 mg·m⁻³、2.5 μg·m⁻³,Hg的排放浓度满足火电厂大气污染物排放标准(GB 13223-2011)中30 μg·m⁻³的要求,CPM、SO₃、PAHs尚无国家强制排放标准。本研究结果可为燃煤电厂后续非常规污染物的控制提供参考。     

滤坝基质排布方式对微污染水体净化效果的影响

采用吸附效果较好的火山石和炉渣作为填料,构筑了3个室内滤坝小试系统,研究了不同的基质组合配置对滤坝净化污染物的影响.3种不同的基质组配分别方式为:火山石和炉渣均匀混合、沿水流方向先火山石后炉渣和沿水流方向先炉渣后火山石.结果表明,3个滤坝系统对微污染水体具有明显的净化效果,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)...     

Experimental study on static and dynamic mechanical properties of phosphogypsum

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste product of the wet-process phosphoric acid industry that accumulates in large amounts on the ground, forming PG...     

Uptake and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cultivated plants around an E-waste disposal site in Southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, soil, and cultivated plants at e-waste disposal sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were determined...