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B. Y. Aminuddin M. H. Ghulam W. Y. Wan Abdullah M. Zulkefli R. B. Salama 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(1-2):89-101
Cameron Highlands is a mountainous region with steep slopes. Gradients exceeding 20∘ are common. The climate is favourable to the cultivation of tea, sub-tropical vegetables and flowers (under rain-shelter).
Crop production is sustained by high fertiliser and manure applications. However, agriculture in this environment is characterised
by high levels of soil erosion and environmental pollution. A study on the sustainability of these agro-ecosystems was conducted.
Results indicated that soil loss was in the range of 24–42 ton/ha/yr under vegetables and 1.3 ton under rain-shelter. Sediment
load in the vegetable sub-catchment reached 3.5 g/L, 50 times higher than that associated with flowers under rain-shelter
and tea. The sediments contained high nutrient loads of up to 470 kg N/ha/yr. The N, P and K lost in runoff from cabbage farms
was 154 kg/season/ha, whereas in chrysanthemum farms it was 5 kg. In cabbage farms, the N, P, and K lost through leaching
was 193 kg/season/ha. The NO3–N concentration in the runoff from the cabbage farms reached 25 ppm but less than 10 ppm in runoff from rain-shelters. Inorganic
pollution in the rivers was within the acceptable limit of 10 ppm. The sustainability of the agro-ecosystems is in the order
of tea { > } rain–shelter ≫ vegetables. 相似文献
55.
Crop soils, ditch sediments, and water flowing from several farm areas to salmon tributary streams of the Fraser River in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia, Canada, were sampled in 2002-2003 to quantify for residues of an organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide, endosulfan (END = alpha-endosulfan + beta-endosulfan + endosulfan sulfate). Residues from historical use of other selected organochlorine pesticides, namely, cyclodienes (aldrin, alpha-chlordane, gamma-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide), hexachlorocyclohexanes [alpha-benzene-hexachloride (alpha-BHC), beta-BHC, delta-BHC, and gamma-BHC (lindane)], and DDT-related compounds (p,p-DDT, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, and methoxychlor) were also determined. Reference and background levels of these pesticides in ditches leading to fish streams were obtained from pristine watershed areas. Varying amounts of END residues were detected in soils (<0.02-5.60 mg kg(-1) dry wt.) and ditch sediments (<0.02-3.33 mg kg(-1) dry wt.) in mainly three of five farm areas sampled. Likewise, residues (excluding END) of other selected organochlorine compounds such as aldrin, BHC, chlordane, endrin, p,p-DDT, methoxychlor, and their respective major transformation products (endosulfan sulfate, dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p-DDD, and p,p-DDE) were found in crop soils (<0.02-16.2 mg kg(-1) dry wt.) and sediments (<0.02-9.73 mg kg(-1) dry wt.). Most of these pesticides (END: <0.01-1.86 microg L(-1); other selected organochlorine pesticides: <0.0.1-1.50 microg L(-1)) were also found in ditch water leading to salmon streams in several farms. The END levels of crop soils from the same LFV study farms in 1994 and 2003 indicated an estimated decline of 22% to 1.35 mg kg(-1) dry wt. during that period. This reduction was probably due to the increasing use of alternate pesticides (e.g., organophosphorus compounds). Some possible biological implications of these pesticide residues on nontarget organisms in the LFV are discussed. 相似文献
56.
大量电子废弃物的回收处理,不仅是环境问题,更是对资源与发展的战略挑战。武汉市尚未对电子废弃物的报废量进行统计。采取两种方法分别测算武汉市家用电器中"四机一脑"的理论报废量,并对两种算法进行比较与分析,对预测结果进行趋势分析。研究结果有助于政府定量了解"四机一脑"的报废情况,为其制定相关专项发展规划提供技术支撑。 相似文献
57.
Chien-Song Chyang Yun-Long Han Li-Wei Wu Hou-Peng Wan Hom-Ti Lee Ying-Hsi Chang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(7):1334-1340
Pollutant emissions from co-firing of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and coal were investigated in a vortexing fluidized bed combustor (VFBC). RDF-5 was made of common municipal solid waste (MSW). CaCO3 was injected in the combustor to absorb HCl at 850 °C. The results show that NOx and HCl emissions increase with RDF-5 co-firing ratio. The NOx concentration in flue gas at the bottom of the combustor is higher than that at the top. However, the trend of HCl released is reverse compared with NOx emissions. It was found that the HCl concentration decreases with increasing the molar ratio of Ca/Cl. However, the effect of CaCO3 addition on HCl retention is not significant when the molar ratio of Ca/Cl is higher than 5. The chlorine content in fly ash increases obviously with the molar ratio of Ca/Cl. PCDD/Fs emissions decrease slightly with an addition of CaCO3. In this study incomplete combustion is regarded as the main cause for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) formation. 相似文献
58.
Xin Baoquan Yu Jianliang Dang Wenyi Wan Lu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46161-46175
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to analyze dispersion behavior characteristics and pollution hazard risk after a release of liquid chlorine. A full-scale... 相似文献
59.
在生物法烟气脱硫技术(Bio-FGD)和络合吸收生物还原脱硝技术(BioDeNO_x)基础上,提出了生物结合络合吸收同步脱硫脱硝的工艺思路,该工艺利用加入Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA的碱性吸收液同时吸收烟气中的二氧化硫(SO_2)和一氧化氮(NO).本研究在厌氧反应器中实现烟气脱硫脱硝吸收产物硫酸盐和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO/Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的同步去除.结果表明,水力停留时间为16 h,p H维持在7.0时,硫酸盐的平均去除率为95.16%,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的平均去除率为96.61%.硫酸盐的还原产物主要以液相中硫离子和气相中硫化氢的形式存在,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的最终还原产物为N2.反应运行的各个阶段均可实现Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的还原,但还原率会随HRT降低而下降.第5阶段反应器中主要的硫酸盐还原菌为Desulfomicrobium,同时存在异养反硝化菌Pseudomonas与两种硫自养反硝化菌Sulfurimonas与Sulfurovum,并发现了两种具有还原单质硫功能的菌属Thermovirga与Mesotoga. 相似文献
60.
制革废水和印染废水的综合毒性评估及鉴别 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
研究采用成组生物毒性试验(发光菌急性毒性、斑马鱼幼鱼急性毒性,斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性和小球藻急性毒性),结合理化指标,通过毒性单位、平均毒性(average toxicity,Av Tx)、毒性指数(toxic print,Tx Pr)、最敏感的测试(most sensitive test,MST)和潜在毒性效应指数(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)对不同工艺阶段印染及制革废水进行毒性削减评估.结果表明PEEP能兼顾废水排放量与毒性效应,更为客观地表征了废水综合毒性,PEEP评价结果显示制革废水和印染废水的毒性削减率分别达到36.8%和23.2%.最后,以发光菌作为受试生物,采用毒性鉴别评估(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)技术,对印染废水进行毒性鉴别.结果表明,印染废水中主要的致毒物质为非极性有机污染,其次为可滤性化合物,然后是重金属、氧化性物质以及挥发性物质. 相似文献